{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:04:48Z","timestamp":1753877088226,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K19759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains LL100933 and LL12007 on the host defense mechanisms of Caenorhabditis elegans against pathogenic infections and stressors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caenorhabditis elegans fed a 1:1 mixture of Escherichia coli OP50 and LL100933 (OP50\u00a0+\u00a0LL100933) or E. coli OP50 and LL12007 (OP50\u00a0+\u00a0LL12007) had significantly higher survivability than the control diet (OP50). Moreover, when OP50\u00a0+\u00a0LL100933 and OP50\u00a0+\u00a0LL12007 were fed to C. elegans deficient in daf-16 and pmk-1, survival did not exceed that of control-fed worms under Salmonella infection. Therefore, these strains may enhance the survivability of C. elegans through the p38 MAPK and DAF-16-related pathways. Gene expressions responsible for these enhanced defense responses were estimated using RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis. The test groups showed significant upregulation of glutathione S-transferase (gsto-1, gst-5, and gst-17), UDP-glucuronyl transferase (ugt-13, ugt-16, and ugt-21), heme-responsive (hrg-4), invertebrate-type lysozyme (ilys-2), and C-type lectin (clec-52) genes compared to those in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LL100933 and LL12007 strains demonstrated promising benefits as probiotics for enhancing host defense mechanisms in C. elegans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T09:01:35Z","timestamp":1737190895000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Lactococcus lactis<\/i> subsp. <i>lactis<\/i> boosts stress resistance and host defense mechanisms in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Shaokat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Khulshi, Chattogram 4225 ,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamima","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Khulshi, Chattogram 4225 ,","place":["Bangladesh"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University , 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University , 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University , 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University , 1-2-7-601, Asahimachi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-0051 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Kage-Nakadai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University , 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025013014352032700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204482","article-title":"Improvement of locomotion caused by Lactococcus lactis subsp. 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