{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:18:10Z","timestamp":1769872690927,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005568","name":"Water Resources Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005568","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008745","name":"Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although stream bed sediment can be an important reservoir of fecal bacteria and pathogens, it is rarely analyzed when assessing microbial water quality. This study aims to identify fecal contamination sources in stream water and sediment and evaluates the impact of rainfall events on microbial water quality in a mixed land-use watershed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify human-, cattle-, and chicken-associated genetic markers during dry and wet periods in the Middle Tallapoosa watershed in Alabama, USA. Human- and cattle-associated markers were consistently detected in water samples, irrespective of precipitation, whereas chicken-associated markers were predominantly found following significant rainfall events. In the sediment, all markers were detected at higher concentrations but with a lower frequency than in the water. Escherichia coli concentrations in water samples correlated significantly with 2-day antecedent rainfall and streamflow and were substantially lower than in the sediment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Humans and cattle were the primary contamination sources in the study area, and runoff from storms and sediment contributed to fecal contamination in the streams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T22:54:30Z","timestamp":1738364070000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using bacterial and mitochondrial DNA markers to assess fecal pollution sources in stream water and sediments of a mixed land-use watershed"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve F","family":"Brantley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7594-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan B","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7748-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yucheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.132","article-title":"Impact of seasonal variation on Escherichia coli concentrations in the riverbed sediments in the Apies River, South Africa","volume":"537","author":"Abia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2012.03291.x","article-title":"Consistency in the host specificity and host sensitivity of the Bacteroides HF183 marker for sewage pollution tracking","volume":"55","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7067","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02032-15","article-title":"Toolbox approaches using molecular markers and 16S rRNA gene amplicon data sets for identification of fecal pollution in surface water","volume":"81","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib4","volume-title":"2020 Alabama \u00a7303(d) List","author":"Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.003","article-title":"Occurrence of generic Escherichia coli, E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. in water and sediment from leafy green produce farms and streams on the Central California coast","volume":"165","author":"Benjamin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.131","article-title":"Movement of traditional fecal indicator bacteria and source-tracking targets through septic drainfields","volume":"610\u2013611","author":"Billian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04440.x","article-title":"Faecal indicator bacteria enumeration in beach sand: a comparison study of extraction methods in medium to coarse sands","volume":"107","author":"Boehm","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib8","first-page":"100139","article-title":"Refined ambient water quality thresholds for human-associated fecal indicator HF183 for recreational waters with and without co-occurring gull fecal contamination","volume":"16","author":"Boehm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Risk Anal"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.12.046","article-title":"Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: a twenty-seven lab evaluation study","volume":"47","author":"Boehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.05.014","article-title":"Characterizing relationships among fecal indicator bacteria, microbial source tracking markers, and associated waterborne pathogen occurrence in stream water and sediments in a mixed land use watershed","volume":"101","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib12","volume-title":"Tallapoosa River Basin Management Plan","author":"CH2MHILL","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.07.033","article-title":"Release of Escherichia coli from the bottom sediment in a first-order creek: experiment and reach-specific modeling","volume":"391","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.1.46-50.2005","article-title":"Simultaneous recovery of extracellular and intracellular DNA suitable for molecular studies from marine sediments","volume":"71","author":"Corinaldesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00437-0","article-title":"The impact of sediment fecal coliform reservoirs on seasonal water quality in Oak Creek, ARIZONA","volume":"33","author":"Crabill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.5.1888-1896.1995","article-title":"Survival of fecal microorganisms in marine and freshwater sediments","volume":"61","author":"Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.7.4384-4386.2004","article-title":"Degradation and turnover of extracellular DNA in marine sediments: ecological and methodological considerations","volume":"70","author":"Dell'Anno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.6.3184-3191.2005","article-title":"Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification","volume":"71","author":"Dick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.02.011","article-title":"Survival of manure-borne E. coli in streambed sediment: effects of temperature and sediment properties","volume":"44","author":"Garzio-Hadzick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2017.03.0105","article-title":"Identification of factors affecting fecal pollution in Beaver Lake Reservoir","volume":"46","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib21","article-title":"Hmisc: harrell miscellaneous","author":"Harrell","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/9.4.505","article-title":"Survival of fecal coliforms in fresh and stacked broiler litter","volume":"9","author":"Hartel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.10.4495-4503.2001","article-title":"Simultaneous recovery of RNA and DNA from soils and sediments","volume":"67","author":"Hurt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.235","article-title":"Application of a microbial source tracking based on bacterial and chemical markers in headwater and coastal catchments","volume":"610\u2013611","author":"Jard\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17042","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09590","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between surface water pollution and onsite wastewater treatment systems","volume":"57","author":"Jordan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib26","article-title":"Estimates of recoverable and non-recoverable manure nutrients based on the census of agriculture","volume-title":"United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service","author":"Kellogg","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4469-2","article-title":"Chicken- and duck-associated Bacteroides \u2013 Prevotella genetic markers for detecting fecal contamination in environmental water","volume":"97","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117479","article-title":"Integrated analyses of fecal indicator bacteria, microbial source tracking markers, and pathogens for Southeast Asian beach water quality assessment","volume":"203","author":"Kongprajug","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00005-19","article-title":"Persistence and decay of fecal microbiota in aquatic habitats","volume":"83","author":"Korajkic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.04.032","article-title":"Persistence of fecal indicator bacteria in Santa Monica Bay beach sediments","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106334","article-title":"A combination of mitochondrial DNA markers Ckmito and ND5-CD is recommended as the most reliable indicator for microbial source tracking to identify faecal pollution from poultry in China","volume":"115","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.02.006","article-title":"Host-specific mitochondrial DNA markers for tracking the sources of fecal pollution","volume":"16","author":"Malla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sci Health"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.03.030","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of chicken in meat and meat products","volume":"116","author":"Mane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.11.012","article-title":"Use of eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA to differentiate human, bovine, porcine and ovine sources in fecally contaminated surface water","volume":"39","author":"Martellini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00444-15","article-title":"LA35 poultry fecal marker persistence is correlated with that of indicators and pathogens in environmental waters","volume":"81","author":"Nayak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2017.11.0461","article-title":"Identifying and eliminating sources of recreational water quality degradation along an urban coast","volume":"47","author":"Nevers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1021\/es2003167","article-title":"Combining land use information and small stream sampling with PCR-based methods for better characterization of diffuse sources of human fecal pollution","volume":"45","author":"Peed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165742","article-title":"Persistence of human- and cattle-associated Bacteroidales and mitochondrial DNA markers in freshwater mesocosms","volume":"899","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00061-5","article-title":"Spatial and temporal bacterial quality of a lowland agricultural stream in northeast Scotland","volume":"314\u2013316","author":"Rodgers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02427-10","article-title":"Decay of bacterial pathogens, fecal indicators, and real-time quantitative PCR genetic markers in manure-amended soils","volume":"77","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.10.015","article-title":"Comparison of two poultry litter qPCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Brevibacterium sp","volume":"48","author":"Ryu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.04.049","article-title":"Detection of the human specific Bacteroides genetic marker provides evidence of widespread sewage contamination of stormwater in the urban environment","volume":"45","author":"Sauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140531","article-title":"Validation of microbial source tracking markers for the attribution of fecal contamination in indoor-household environments of the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"743","author":"Schiaffino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib72_949_293125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00702.x","article-title":"Detection and quantification of the human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater","volume":"7","author":"Seurinck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib73_692_293325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01843-07","article-title":"Quantitative PCR for detection and enumeration of genetic markers of bovine fecal pollution","volume":"74","author":"Shanks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl and Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629509369298","article-title":"Microscale determination of inorganic nitrogen in water and soil extracts","volume":"26","author":"Sims","year":"1995","journal-title":"Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.049","article-title":"Estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination","volume":"44","author":"Soller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12614","article-title":"Evaluating the influence of septic systems and watershed characteristics on stream faecal pollution in suburban watersheds in Georgia, USA","volume":"117","author":"Sowah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.007","article-title":"Isolating the impact of septic systems on fecal pollution in streams of suburban watersheds in Georgia, United States","volume":"108","author":"Sowah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02473-06","article-title":"Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source tracking studies","volume":"73","author":"Stoeckel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib74_412_292825","year":"2022","journal-title":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib51","volume-title":"2022 Census of Agriculture United States Summary and State Data","author":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib54","article-title":"Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coil) in water by membrane filtration using modified membrane-thermotolerant Escherichia coli agar (modified mTEC)","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib52","article-title":"Onsite wastewater treatment systems manual","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib53","article-title":"Recreational water quality criteria","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00699","article-title":"Quantification of microbial source tracking and pathogenic bacterial markers in water and sediments of Tiaoxi River (Taihu Watershed)","volume":"10","author":"Vadde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16378","article-title":"Microbe\u2013sediment interactions in Great Lakes recreational waters: implications for human health risk","volume":"25","author":"VanMensel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib57","article-title":"R package \u201cCorrplot\u201d: visualization of a correlation matrix (Version 0.84)","author":"Wei","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12543","article-title":"Run-off studies demonstrate parallel transport behaviour for a marker of poultry fecal contamination and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"117","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12231","article-title":"a new method for tracking poultry litter in the Potomac Basin headwaters of West Virginia","volume":"115","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02354-14","article-title":"Evidence for extraintestinal growth of Bacteroidales originating from poultry litter","volume":"81","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02555-10","article-title":"Correlation of quantitative PCR for a poultry-specific Brevibacterium marker gene with bacterial and chemical indicators of water pollution in a watershed impacted by land application of poultry litter","volume":"77","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04666.x","article-title":"Identification of a Brevibacterium marker gene specific to poultry litter and development of a quantitative PCR assay","volume":"109","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c00224","article-title":"Characterizing differences in sources of and contributions to fecal contamination of sediment and surface water with the microbial FIT framework","volume":"56","author":"Wiesner-Friedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.105","article-title":"Population dynamics and genetic variability of Escherichia coli in a mixed land-use watershed","volume":"7","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib65","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of Bacteroidales for identification of fecal contamination sources in freshwater","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01188","article-title":"Source-associated gastroenteritis risk from swimming exposure to aging fecal pathogens","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12302","article-title":"Using Bacteroidales genetic markers to assess fecal pollution sources in coastal waters: fecal pollution sources in coastal waters","volume":"32","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Environ J"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.091","article-title":"Comparison of microbial source tracking efficacy for detection of cattle fecal contamination by quantitative PCR","volume":"686","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib69","article-title":"Quantitative PCR-based approach for detection of fecal pollution in water","author":"Xue","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-017-0379-0","article-title":"Quantitative detection of fecal contamination with domestic poultry feces in environments in China","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMB Expr"},{"key":"2026013020014323100_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.028","article-title":"Effect of freshwater sediment characteristics on the persistence of fecal indicator bacteria and genetic markers within a Southern California watershed","volume":"119","author":"Zimmer-Faust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf021\/61722565\/lxaf021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/2\/lxaf021\/61722565\/lxaf021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/2\/lxaf021\/61722565\/lxaf021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T01:01:50Z","timestamp":1769821310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf021\/7994427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2672","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"article-number":"lxaf021"}}