{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:48:56Z","timestamp":1787791736729,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"MEXT\/JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18KK0168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18KK0168"]}]},{"name":"MEXT\/JSPS KAKENHI","award":["24K01701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K01701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens is a serious public health concern worldwide. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC-O157) poses a high food contamination risk. This study aimed to investigate changes in the prevalence of EHEC-O157 among food handlers in Japan in 2006\u20132021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 279 randomly selected isolates from 2006 to 2009, 2019, and 2021 were analysed for their antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes. EHEC-O157 isolation rates in 2012\u20132022 were 0.0011%\u20130.0037%, with an average isolation rate of 0.0024% (659\/27\u2009848\u2009713). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that EHEC-O157 isolates from all years were most resistant to streptomycin (&amp;gt;34%) and ampicillin (&amp;gt;7.7%), followed by tetracycline (&amp;lt;5.1%). EHEC-O157 isolates resistant to chloramphenicol (&amp;gt;9.4%) and kanamycin (&amp;gt;2.6%) have been isolated since 2019. Furthermore, the detection of Shiga toxin\u2013related genes revealed that stx2 (57.4%) was more prevalent than stx1 (6%) in all sampling years. A whole-genome analysis revealed the presence of aph(6)-ld, aph(3\u2032')-ld, and blaTEM-1B in the multidrug-resistant isolates, suggesting that these genes contribute to streptomycin and ampicillin resistance. Furthermore, one strain was an extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producer harbouring the IncFII plasmid that encodes blaCTX-M-15. Moreover, EHEC acquired a plasmid encoding blaNDM-1 from carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We characterized the antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of EHEC-O157 from food handlers. EHEC strains can easily acquire and spread antibiotic resistance. Notably, EHEC-O157 isolates from healthy individuals exhibited uninterrupted streptomycin and ampicillin resistance over the past decade. In recent years, there has been a discernible trend towards multidrug resistance of EHEC-O157.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T11:46:40Z","timestamp":1759232800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and plasmid-mediated transferability in Enterohaemorrhagic\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    O157 isolates from healthy food handlers in Japan, 2006\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4389-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsuki","family":"Ohata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528 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