{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:07:04Z","timestamp":1791338824391,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["861852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The control of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha using the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria brongniartii is one of the most successful biological control systems. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the outcome of laboratory bioassays, which are crucial early steps in the development of biocontrol products, by using this system as a role model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We combined spray and injection applications of conidio- and blastospores of the host-specific pathogen B. brongniartii BIPESCO2 (Bip2) and the generalist EPF Metarhizium brunneum Ma 43 and applied the treatments to cockchafer adults and larvae. Furthermore, the mycotoxin oosporein was tested alone or with Bip2 blastospores, as well as Bip2 conidiospores, in immersion, spray, and injection treatments of larvae. The most efficient spore suspension was applied to different larval body parts and to their food. Bip2 and Ma 43 infected adults frequently, but larvae resisted topical spray applications. Injection treatments revealed that adult cuticles offered limited protection, whereas the larval cuticle acted as an effective barrier. Larval thorax and legs, with articulations and intersegmental membranes, were more susceptible than the abdomen. Oosporein synergized with blastospores in larval immersion treatments, but alone had no effect. We propose that oosporein\u2019s antibiotic activity disrupts the larval cuticle microbiome, facilitating infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrary to the assumption that laboratory bioassays overestimate EPF performance under field conditions, we found the opposite. We therefore argue that more elaborate studies are required for realistic evaluation of candidate biocontrol agents, considering host\u2013pathogen traits and test conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1760787825000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Which factors influence the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi? Effect of spore type, oosporein, application method, and pathway of entry on the infectiveness of\n                    <i>Beauveria brongniartii<\/i>\n                    against\n                    <i>Melolontha melolontha<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Graf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agroscope Department of Plants and Plant Products, Extension Arable Crops, , 8046 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"University of Zurich Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agroscope Department of Plants and Plant Products, Extension Arable Crops, , 8046 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"ETH Zurich Department of Environmental Systems Science, , 8092 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Embleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck Department of Microbiology, , 6020 Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal A","family":"Niklaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselher","family":"Grabenweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agroscope Department of Plants and Plant Products, Extension Arable Crops, , 8046 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150020017235","article-title":"Evaluation of Beauveria brongniartii and its metabolite oosporein regarding phytotoxicity on seed potatoes","volume":"10","author":"Abendstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of the fungal metabolite oosporein on feeding behaviour and survival of larvae of Melolontha melolontha L. and Galleria mellonella L","volume":"1","author":"Abendstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laimburg Journal"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.924933","article-title":"Characterisation and bioactivity of oosporein produced by endophytic fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi isolated from Nerium oleander L","volume":"28","author":"Alurappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-010-0416-5","article-title":"Assessment of insecticidal activity of red pigment produced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana","volume":"26","author":"Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1002\/PS.6962","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of beetle larva cuticles during infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana","volume":"78","author":"Baek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manage Sci"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2020.08.001","article-title":"Chemical warfare between fungus-growing ants and their pathogens","volume":"59","author":"Batey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib9","first-page":"21","article-title":"Field experience in the control of Common cockchafer in the Bavarian region Spessart. Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasitic Nematodes: melolontha, IOBC\/wprs","volume":"28","author":"Benker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9089-z","article-title":"Microbiota in insect fungal pathology","volume":"102","author":"Boucias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib11","volume-title":"Neuere Erkenntnisse \u00fcber den Maik\u00e4fer","author":"B\u00fcchi","year":"1986"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib12","first-page":"141","article-title":"Bioassays of entomogenous fungi","volume-title":"Microbes and nematodes","author":"Butt","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08438-0","article-title":"The antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces from insect microbiomes","volume":"10","author":"Chevrette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.05.008","article-title":"Cellular encapsulation in the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera), against infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae","volume":"101","author":"Chouvenc","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001","article-title":"Mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides: a comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types","volume":"43","author":"de\u00a0Faria","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib17","first-page":"433","article-title":"Influence du lieu de contamination t\u00e9gumentaire sur le d\u00e9veloppment de la mycose \u00e0 Beauveria tenella (Delacr.) Siemaszko (Fungi imperfecti) chez les larves du col\u00e9opt\u00e8re Melolontha melolontha L","volume":"277","author":"Delmas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus De L\u2019academie Des Siences Paris"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib18","volume-title":"Establishing a framework for community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides","author":"Directive 2009\/128\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02808.x","article-title":"Persistence and efficacy of Beauveria brongniartii strains applied as biocontrol agents against Melolontha melolontha in the Valley of Aosta (northwest Italy)","volume":"100","author":"Dolci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib20","first-page":"249","article-title":"\u00dcber die mit Botrytis tenella zur Bek\u00e4mpfung der Maik\u00e4ferlarven erzielten Resultate","volume":"3","author":"Dufour","year":"1894","journal-title":"Forstlich-naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-7562(08)61970-X","article-title":"Strain-specific microsatellite markers in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii","volume":"105","author":"Enkerli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mycol Res"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib22","volume-title":"Melolontha melolontha Distribution","author":"EPPO","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2498","article-title":"Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5\/F52","volume":"10","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616543114","article-title":"Regulatory cascade and biological activity of Beauveria bassiana oosporein that limits bacterial growth after host death","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.06.024","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of metabolites of fungal biocontrol agents using two different (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna) invertebrate bioassays","volume":"44","author":"Favilla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503200112","article-title":"Fungal biosynthesis of the bibenzoquinone oosporein to evade insect immunity","volume":"112","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071380","article-title":"Land-use type drives soil population structures of the entomopathogenic fungal genus Metarhizium","volume":"9","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bravo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02371432","article-title":"\u00c9tude en laboratoire des condition \u00e9cologiques favorisant le d\u00e9veloppement de la mycose a Beauveria tenella du ver blanc","volume":"12","author":"Ferron","year":"1967","journal-title":"Entomophaga"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biology of the Japanese beetle","volume":"1449","author":"Fleming","year":"1972","journal-title":"USDA Tech Bull"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-a-000643446","article-title":"Dem\u00f6kologische Grundlagen und praktische Durchf\u00fchrung der mikrobiellen Bek\u00e4mpfung des Maik\u00e4fers Melolontha melolontha L. mit dem Pilz Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch","volume-title":"Diss. ETH no. 9736","author":"Fornallaz","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.08.010","article-title":"Beauveria brongniartii\u00a0on white grubs attacking sugarcane in South Africa","volume":"111","author":"Goble","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138427","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2023.1138427","article-title":"From lab to field: biological control of the Japanese beetle with entomopathogenic fungi","volume":"3","author":"Graf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Insect Sci"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-009-9253-6","article-title":"Fungal pathogens as classical biological control agents against arthropods","volume":"55","author":"Hajek","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.001453","article-title":"Interaction between fungal pathogens and insect hosts","volume":"39","author":"Hajek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104408","article-title":"Microbiome assembly on Drosophila body surfaces benefits the flies to combat fungal infections","volume":"25","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib38","first-page":"102","article-title":"Scarabs as pests: a continuing problem","volume":"5","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coleopt Soc Monogr"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00025-1","article-title":"Toxic properties of Beauveria pigments on erythrocyte membranes","volume":"35","author":"Jeffs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.09.006","article-title":"Actinobacteria as mutualists: general healthcare for insects?","volume":"17","author":"Kaltenpoth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023646207455","article-title":"Distribution of insect pathogenic soil fungi in Switzerland with special reference to Beauveria brongniartii and Metharhizium anisopliae","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/09583159929703","article-title":"Differential susceptibility of two Melolontha populations to infections by the fungus Beauveria brongniartii","volume":"9","author":"Keller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib43","first-page":"9","article-title":"Scarabs and other soil pests in Europe: situation, perspectives and control strategies. Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasitic Nematodes: Melolontha, IOBC\/wprs","volume":"28","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib44","first-page":"67","article-title":"Use of Beauveria brongniartii in Switzerland and its acceptance by farmers","volume":"23","author":"Keller","year":"2000","journal-title":"IOBC Wprs Bulletin"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BICO.0000036441.40227.ed","article-title":"Survival of Beauveria brongniartii in the soil after application as a biocontrol agent against the European cockchafer Melolontha melolontha","volume":"49","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25312","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c03585","article-title":"Mechanisms of insecticidal action of Metarhizium anisopliae on adult Japanese pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus)","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/recl.19440630102","article-title":"Analysis concerning pigments of fungi XIV: concerning oosporein, the pigment of Oospora colorans van Beyma","volume":"63","author":"K\u00f6gl","year":"1944","journal-title":"Recl Trav Chim Pays Bas"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib48","first-page":"301","article-title":"Microbial biopesticides for sustainable agricultural practices","volume-title":"Biopesticides: Advances in Bio-inoculants,Volume 2","author":"Kumari","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2015.07.009","article-title":"Insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future","volume":"132","author":"Lacey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib50","first-page":"54","article-title":"Field efficacy of Beauveria brongniartii against Melolontha melolontha in potato cultures","volume":"57","author":"Laengle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sydowia"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-020-00295-2","article-title":"Holistic approach to control Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations","volume":"10","author":"Malus\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org Agr"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-015-9671-6","article-title":"Biological control of the European cockchafer: persistence of Beauveria brongniartii after long-term applications in the Euroregion Tyrol","volume":"60","author":"Mayerhofer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2015.09.006","article-title":"Multiplexed microsatellite markers for seven Metarhizium species","volume":"132","author":"Mayerhofer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2019.01.004","article-title":"Oosporein, an abundant metabolite in Beauveria caledonica, with a feedback induction mechanism and a role in insect virulence","volume":"123","author":"Mc\u00a0Namara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Biology"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-019-09927-3","article-title":"Natural occurrence of Beauveria spp. in outbreak areas of cockchafers (Melolontha spp.) in forest soils from Poland","volume":"64","author":"Niemczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/09583157.2011.566324","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against the white grubs, Holotrichia oblita and Anomala corpulenta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the field of peanut, Arachis hypogaea","volume":"21","author":"Nong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3390\/insects4030357","article-title":"Action on the surface: entomopathogenic fungi versus the insect cuticle","volume":"4","author":"Ortiz-Urquiza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2009.06.005","article-title":"an optimized microsatellite marker set for detection of Metarhizium anisopliae genotype diversity on field and regional scales","volume":"113","author":"Oulevey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycol Res"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0602429","article-title":"Avian gout caused by oosporein, a mycotoxin produced by Chaetomium trilaterale","volume":"60","author":"Pegram","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65091","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65091","article-title":"Multiple lineages of Streptomyces produce antimicrobials within passalid beetle galleries across eastern North America","volume":"10","author":"Pessotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib61","first-page":"399","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Gattung Melolontha in Bulgarien","volume":"67","author":"Popov","year":"1960","journal-title":"Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzenpathol Pflanzenschutz"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1139\/m84-144","article-title":"the parasexual cycle in the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith","volume":"30","author":"Riba","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048232v","article-title":"Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection assay for the detection and quantification of the Beauveria metabolite oosporein from submerged culture broth and bio-control formulations","volume":"53","author":"Seger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib64","article-title":"Suche nach neuen Inhibitoren der Schl\u00fcsselenzyme des Glyoxylatcyclus, insbesondere der Malatsynthase","volume-title":"Dissertation (D 386)","author":"Semar","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398529-3.00011-7","article-title":"Role of entomopathogenic fungi in integrated pest management","volume-title":"Integrated Pest Management","author":"Skinner","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02943651","article-title":"Viability and virulence of selected Beauveria brongniartii formulations against Holotrichia serrata","volume":"8","author":"Srikanth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sugar Tech"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953756200002963","article-title":"Monitoring the distribution of secondary metabolites produced by the entomogenous fungus Beauveria brongniartii with particular reference to oosporein","volume":"104","author":"Strasser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycol Res"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib68","first-page":"125","article-title":"Development of media for the selective isolation and maintenance of virulence of Beauveria brongniartii","volume-title":"Proc. 3rd international workshop on microbial control of soil dwelling pests","author":"Strasser","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib69","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pathogenicity of Hyphomycetes against Melolontha spp","author":"Strasser","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/f10050399","article-title":"the spring assessing method of the threat of Melolontha spp. grubs for scots pine plantations","volume":"10","author":"Szmidla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.45.286","article-title":"Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase by the natural product oosporein","volume":"45","author":"Terry","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820526-6.00016-6","article-title":"Microbial biopesticides: current status and advancement for sustainable agriculture and environment","volume-title":"New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering","author":"Thakur","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib73","first-page":"237","article-title":"The fungi Beauveria spp. cause epizootics in gras grub populations in Waikato","volume-title":"Proc. 48th N.Z. Plant Protection Conf.","author":"Townsend","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993560.0000","article-title":"Toxic metabolites of fungal biocontrol agents","volume-title":"Fungal Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems & Potential","author":"Vey","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2022.104895","article-title":"Symbiotic bacteria on the cuticle protect the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta from fungal infection","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-025-01892-4","article-title":"Autodissemination of Metarhizium brunneum: a strategy for biological control of adult Japanese beetles","author":"Wey","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib77","first-page":"17","article-title":"F\u00fcnf Jahre Erfahrungen in der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Maik\u00e4fers (Melolontha melolontha L.) und Beobachtungen zu seiner Oekologie","volume":"57","author":"Wiesmann","year":"1950","journal-title":"Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzenpathol Pflanzenschutz"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib78","first-page":"253","article-title":"Production, stabilization and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents","volume-title":"Fungi as Biocontrol agents","author":"Wraight","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1665\/034.019.0117","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae during cuticle penetration in the locust, Locusta migratoria (Insecto: Acridida)","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthoptera Res"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150701309006","article-title":"Review on the safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii","volume":"17","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025111009371063300_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150701593963","article-title":"Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae","volume":"17","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf259\/64819416\/lxaf259.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/11\/lxaf259\/64819416\/lxaf259.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/11\/lxaf259\/64819416\/lxaf259.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T14:37:25Z","timestamp":1762785445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf259\/8293229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2672","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"article-number":"lxaf259"}}