{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T04:25:09Z","timestamp":1764649509425,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000839","name":"University of Reading","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UREC 15_20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UREC 15_20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to explore microbial production of neurotransmitters related to cognitive function in the faecal microbiota of healthy older adults, and assess whether a multi-strain probiotic formula may influence production of these neuroactive metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and the bacterial community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study employed a three-stage continuous culture system with faecal microbiota from three healthy older adult donors. Neuroactive compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, SCFAs using gas chromatography, and the bacterial community was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Addition of the probiotic supplement (Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactobacillus casei W56, Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactococcus lactis W19, Lactococcus lactis W58) significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactococcus lactis in the transverse region, alongside a trend for increased Roseburia across the three colon regions modelled, valerate in the distal region, and GABA in the proximal region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While administration of the probiotic only had a small effect of trending increases in the synthesis of GABA and valerate, this highlights important mechanisms by which probiotics could be involved in the gut-brain axis. The model also enabled the observation of limited microbial production of other neurotransmitters. Further exploration in human studies is therefore warranted. Probiotics were confirmed to lead to microbial changes, both directly (Lactococcus) and indirectly (Roseburia). This research helps to support mechanistic understanding of probiotics and the gut-brain axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:11:41Z","timestamp":1762002701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    models to ascertain whether multi-probiotic supplementation influences neurotransmitter and SCFA production in the absence of human cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Reading Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"van\u00a0Hemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winclove Probiotics , Hulstweg 11, 1032 LB Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Elmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4452-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lamport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183687","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potential immunomodulatory metabolites in controlling Staphylococcus aureus-mediated mastitis","volume":"14","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2137776","article-title":"Beneficial effects of butyrate on brain functions: a view of epigenetic","volume":"64","author":"Alpino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112497","article-title":"Influence of human gut microbiome on the healthy and the neurodegenerative aging","volume":"194","author":"Borrego-Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1809","article-title":"Neural plasticity in the ageing brain","volume":"7","author":"Burke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02370K","article-title":"Positive effects of a Clostridium butyricum-based compound probiotic on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, hypothalamic neurotransmitters, and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061816","article-title":"Role of cholinergic signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000097107","article-title":"Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly","volume":"108","author":"Claesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11319","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly","volume":"488","author":"Claesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00548-6","article-title":"Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia","volume":"17","author":"Connell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(99)80053-8","article-title":"The domain-specific probe EUB338 is insufficient for the detection of all bacteria: development and evaluation of a more comprehensive probe set","volume":"22","author":"Daims","year":"1999","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15012","article-title":"Microbial production of beneficial indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) with potential application to biotechnological products for human health","volume":"131","author":"Danilovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.11.013","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing ability of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum DM5 isolated from Marcha of Sikkim","volume":"61","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(11)80122-0","article-title":"Genus-and group-specific hybridization probes for determinative and environmental studies of sulfate-reducing bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Devereux","year":"1992","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091838","article-title":"Gut bacteria and neurotransmitters","volume":"10","author":"Dicks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1736274","article-title":"A study on the effect of valeric acid in Alzheimer\u2019s induced rats by the estimation of A\u03b2 1\u201342 biomarker","volume":"12","author":"Dulla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Allied Sci NU"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.004","article-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics and health in ageing populations","volume":"75","author":"Duncan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-5-1615","article-title":"Roseburia intestinalis sp. nov., a novel saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium from human faeces","volume":"52","author":"Duncan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.10.5810-5817.2004","article-title":"Lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product","volume":"70","author":"Duncan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112563","article-title":"The effect of probiotic bacteria on composition and metabolite production of faecal microbiota using in vitro batch cultures","volume":"15","author":"Eastwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.04.002","article-title":"Exploring the acute and chronic effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement on cognitive function and mood in healthy older adults: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Eastwood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.032","article-title":"The effect of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Eastwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665114001463","article-title":"Links between diet, gut microbiota composition and gut metabolism","volume":"74","author":"Flint","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.9.3336-3345.1998","article-title":"Variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes","volume":"64","author":"Franks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211","article-title":"Short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria: key components of the human gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Fusco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of valerate on intestinal barrier function in cultured Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers","author":"Gao","year":"2022;","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319654","article-title":"Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries","volume":"69","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1139\/o54-015","article-title":"Cell free\" choline acetylase\" from Lactobacillus plantarum","volume":"32","author":"Girvin","year":"1954","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiw233","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw233","article-title":"In vitro fermentation of B-GOS: impact on faecal bacterial populations and metabolic activity in autistic and non-autistic children","volume":"93","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1503.03033","article-title":"Anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic Lactococcus lactis NK34","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06540-8","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation improved cognitive function in cognitively impaired and healthy older adults: a systematic review of recent trials","volume":"44","author":"Handajani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2019.2.1","article-title":"The connection between different neurotransmitters involved in cognitive processes","volume":"67","author":"Handra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4523-4527.2000","article-title":"Development of 16S rRNA-based probes for the Coriobacterium group and the Atopobium cluster and their application for enumeration of Coriobacteriaceae in human feces from volunteers of different age groups","volume":"66","author":"Harmsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol\u00a0"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.7.4320-4324.2003","article-title":"Oligonucleotide probes that detect quantitatively significant groups of butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces","volume":"69","author":"Hold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab111","article-title":"The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders","volume":"144","author":"Holland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7670","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207670","article-title":"Valeric acid protects dopaminergic neurons by suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and modulating autophagy pathways","volume":"21","author":"Jayaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2006.12.008","article-title":"Biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria, acetic bacteria and yeast isolated from wine","volume":"18","author":"Landete","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.8.3069-3075.1995","article-title":"Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of Bifidobacterium spp. with genus specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes and its application in fecal samples","volume":"61","author":"Langendijk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180813144834","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s dementia-an explorative intervention study","volume":"15","author":"Leblhuber","year":"2018","journal-title":"CAR"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124447","article-title":"An in vitro approach to studying the microbial community and impact of pre and probiotics under anorexia nervosa related dietary restrictions","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162604","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162604","article-title":"An in vitro approach to study effects of prebiotics and probiotics on the faecal microbiota and selected immune parameters relevant to the elderly","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13589","article-title":"Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s002489900072","article-title":"Validation of a three-stage compound continuous culture system for investigating the effect of retention time on the ecology and metabolism of bacteria in the human colon","volume":"35","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-5-1097","article-title":"Application of a suite of 16S rRNA-specific oligonucleotide probes designed to investigate bacteria of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacter-bacteroides in the natural environment","volume":"142","author":"Manz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis: from motility to mood","volume":"160","author":"Margolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.05.011","article-title":"Hallmarks of brain aging: adaptive and pathological modification by metabolic states","volume":"27","author":"Mattson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-014032","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"73","author":"Mayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-013-0286-4","article-title":"Association of perceived health and depression with older adults\u2019 subjective memory complaints: contrasting a specific questionnaire with general complaints questions","volume":"11","author":"Montejo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tgaa022","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgaa022","article-title":"Prefrontal GABA levels correlate with memory in older adults at high risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Murari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex Commun"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib51","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Roseburia intestinalis: a beneficial gut organism from the discoveries in genus and species","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114524001557","article-title":"Exploring UK older adults\u2019 dietary fibre consumption habits and associated factors: a national diet and nutrition survey perspective","volume":"132","author":"Norton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0704-8","article-title":"Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health","volume":"7","author":"Oliphant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656895","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.656895","article-title":"GABA production by human intestinal Bacteroides spp.: prevalence, regulation, and role in acid stress tolerance","volume":"12","author":"Otaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.18.795","article-title":"the function of lactic acid bacteria on biogenic amines production by food-borne pathogens in arginine decarboxylase broth","volume":"18","author":"\u00d6zo\u011ful","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol Res"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12904","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12904","article-title":"GABA-producing Bifidobacterium dentium modulates visceral sensitivity in the intestine","volume":"29","author":"Pokusaeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology Motil"},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022","author":"R Core Team","key":"2025120123211762000_bib57"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00213-w","article-title":"Gut microbiota as the key controllers of \u201chealthy\u201d aging of elderly people","volume":"18","author":"Ragonnaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib60","first-page":"921","article-title":"Family V. Lachnospiraceae fam. nov","volume":"3","author":"Rainey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the gut microbiota composition in older adults: connections to physical activity and healthy ageing","author":"Ramos","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-259598","article-title":"Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells","volume":"29","author":"Reigstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15682","article-title":"Alternative pathway for dopamine production by acetogenic gut bacteria that O-Demethylate 3-Methoxytyramine, a metabolite of catechol O-Methyltransferase","volume":"133","author":"Rich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1989.tb00278.x","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of volatile and non-volatile acidic fermentation products of anaerobes by capillary gas chromatography","volume":"9","author":"Richardson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696803","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.696803","article-title":"Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis producing interferon type II, enhances the immune response against bacterial pathogens in rainbow trout","volume":"12","author":"Santiba\u00f1ez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020292","article-title":"The role of tryptophan metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Savonije","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2137777","article-title":"Review of protein intake and suitability of foods for protein-fortification in older adults in the UK","volume":"64","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of butyrate: the bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?","volume":"99","author":"Stilling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib69","first-page":"115","article-title":"Detection of neurotransmitter amines in microorganisms with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"372","author":"Tsavkelova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dokl Biochem"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2016.02.008","article-title":"GABAergic effect of valeric acid from Valeriana wallichii in amelioration of ICV STZ induced dementia in rats","volume":"26","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.3692-3700.2005","article-title":"pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid ratios within microbial communities from the human colon","volume":"71","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990140205","article-title":"Optimizing fluorescent in situ hybridization with rRNAtargeted oligonucleotide probes for flow cytometric identification of microorganisms","volume":"14","author":"Wallner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00348-0","article-title":"Gut microbiome pattern reflects healthy ageing and predicts survival in humans","volume":"3","author":"Wilmanski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730036","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.730036","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of probiotics for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713256","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.713256","article-title":"Effects of Lactococcus lactis on the intestinal functions in weaning piglets","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2025120123211762000_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0325","article-title":"Potential effects of Akkermansia muciniphila in aging and aging-related diseases: current evidence and perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf272\/65133205\/lxaf272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/11\/lxaf272\/65133205\/lxaf272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/136\/11\/lxaf272\/65133205\/lxaf272.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T04:21:27Z","timestamp":1764649287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf272\/8313615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2672"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2672"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"lxaf272"}}