{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:59:00Z","timestamp":1785538740898,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222941\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222941\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GenPath Africa","award":["101103171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101103171"]}]},{"name":"GenPath Africa","award":["86949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86949"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the presence of viable Mycobacterium bovis in faecal samples collected from 79 free-ranging domestic cattle in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faecal samples were processed under biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) conditions and analysed using mycobacterial culture followed by molecular speciation, as well as being screened using the GeneXpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF Ultra (GXU\u00ae) assay. Viable M. bovis was isolated from two animals, confirmed through region-of-difference PCR and spoligotyping. These findings provide rare field-based confirmation of natural faecal shedding of viable M. bovis in cattle. The GXU\u00ae detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA in eight samples (10.1%), including those that were culture positive, supporting its utility as a rapid screening tool. However, its inability to confirm bacterial viability or differentiate MTBC members remains a limitation. Additionally, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), including M. avium and M. litorale, were isolated, highlighting environmental exposure and diagnostic challenges in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reinforces the need to consider faecal shedding and environmental reservoirs in bTB transmission dynamics, particularly in communal grazing systems. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating culture-based and molecular diagnostics for accurate detection and differentiation of mycobacterial species. These findings have important implications for One Health approaches to bTB surveillance, control, and zoonotic risk mitigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1762952530000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Isolation of viable\n                    <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n                    from faeces of naturally infected free-ranging rural domestic cattle (\n                    <i>Bos taurus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Rachiel","family":"Gumbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8005-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristen","family":"Lourens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, , Bloemfontein 9301 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Veterinary Epidemiology Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, , Pietermaritzburg 3202 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya J","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ghielmetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich , Zurich 8057 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wynand J","family":"Goosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, , Bloemfontein 9301 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112807215696100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.1725-1731","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and factors associated with risk of disease transmission among cattle handlers at Oko-Oba Abattoir, Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Agbalaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"2025112807215696100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8812898","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8812898","article-title":"Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis survival in the environment confound bovine tuberculosis control and eradication? 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