{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1787242562972,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan projects","award":["20240601057RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601057RC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the role of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in mediating multidrug resistance in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from diseased poultry on large-scale farms in Jilin Province, China, and assessed the ability of efflux pump inhibitors to reverse such resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty AcrAB\u2013TolC\u2013positive avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains were isolated from diseased poultry samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. These isolates exhibited high levels of resistance to six antibiotics, with resistance rates to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin reaching 100%. Upon the addition of efflux pump inhibitors\u2014carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and BDM91270\u2014the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of most antibiotics decreased markedly, by up to 64-fold for ceftiofur and 32-fold for gentamicin. RT-qPCR analysis was carried out on a representative multidrug-resistant strain (A25) exhibiting strong efflux activity, which revealed significantly elevated acrB expression consistent with efflux-mediated resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AcrAB-TolC is widespread and overexpressed in avian E. coli, contributing significantly to multidrug resistance. Inhibitor treatments restored antibiotic susceptibility, indicating that optimized inhibitors represent a promising approach to counter resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T12:27:20Z","timestamp":1767529640000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of drug resistance mediated by the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump system in avian pathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Hanjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118 ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huinan County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center , Qianjin Street No.197, Huinan 135100 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University , Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118 ,","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center , Xi\u2019an Road No.4558, Changchun 130062 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingcong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118 ,","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University, The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province , Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051412184398500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3003443","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003443","article-title":"Impeding pathways of intrinsic resistance in Escherichia coli confers antibiotic sensitization and resistance proofing","volume":"23","author":"Balachandran","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2026051412184398500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.66","article-title":"Multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance","volume":"9","author":"Blair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future 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