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Increasing evidence indicates that the wound microbiome modulates inflammation, tissue repair, and responses to therapy, thereby influencing clinical outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the composition and function of chronic wound microbial communities and discusses their clinical relevance as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Microbiome structure is shaped by wound etiology, chronicity, anatomical site, and host comorbidities. Dysbiosis and biofilm formation contribute to persistent inflammation, antimicrobial tolerance, and delayed healing. Advances in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have improved microbial characterization and enabled the identification of candidate microbial signatures associated with healing trajectories. Emerging microbiome-modulating strategies such as probiotics, bacteriophages, topical oxygen approaches, and nanotechnology-based interventions show potential to shift wound ecosystems toward a pro-healing state; however, robust clinical validation remains limited. Further clinical studies are needed to validate microbiome-guided diagnostics and interventions and to establish standardized protocols for their application in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:14:14Z","timestamp":1769516054000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The wound microbiome in chronic wounds: a biomarker and therapeutic target"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Molasy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce Department of Surgical Medicine, Collegium Medicum, , 25-369 Kielce ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"St Alexander Hospital Department of General Surgery, , 25-316 Kielce ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wrzosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, , 02-097 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, , 25-369 Kielce ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051410070651400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP87192","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.87192","article-title":"Bacterial DNA on the skin surface overrepresents the viable skin microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Acosta","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026051410070651400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/mri.2019.81001","article-title":"Estimation of cytokines involved in acute-phase wound infection with reference to residence time of patients in 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