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XY04 degraded 1500\u00a0mg L-1 phenol within 24\u00a0h (62.5\u00a0mg L-1\u00b7h-1) and 1500\u00a0mg L-1 formaldehyde within 12\u00a0h (125\u00a0mg L-1\u00b7h-1). The consortium maintained high degradation efficiency across a wide range of conditions (pH 3\u20139, salinity 0%\u20133%, 20\u201335\u00b0C), and retained activity under extreme conditions (5% salinity, pH 11). Substrate spectrum analysis showed metabolic capacity for phenols, aldehydes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, with enhanced degradation efficiency from moderate carbon source supplementation. Community analysis revealed compositional shifts under high- and low-concentration conditions, with functional prediction indicating enhanced genes for phenol meta-cleavage and carbon, amino acid, and lipid metabolism under stress. ASV (amplicon sequence variant)-function coupling analysis showed that amplicon sequence variants enriched in high-concentration environments contributed to these pathways, suggesting community restructuring for stress adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A highly efficient microbial consortium XY04 was obtained for phenolic and formaldehyde wastewater treatment, exhibiting tolerance to various environmental conditions and the ability to adapt to high-concentration pollution through community self-organization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:52:46Z","timestamp":1775130766000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enrichment and characterization of microbial consortium XY04 with high phenol tolerance and 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