{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:14:12Z","timestamp":1792120452845,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1183597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1183597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008138","name":"AEB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DP1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OD029517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OD029517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013772","name":"SENS Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004351","name":"Cisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000923","name":"Silicon Valley Community Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polymyxins remain the mainstay antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, with the increase in the use of polymyxins, the simultaneous rise of polymyxin-resistance cases has been another global threat, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cationic peptoids against polymyxin-resistant bacteria of global priority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three paired polymyxin-sensitive\/polymyxin-resistant strains were included, along with two clinical isolates and one reference strain. Out of nine cationic peptoids, TM8 showed the most potent activity against the polymyxin-resistant bacteria with a geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.6\u00a0\u03bcg mL\u22121. The MIC of TM8 was 2-fold higher in polymyxin-resistant cases. TM8 synergized with colistin, rifampicin, and ciprofloxacin in polymyxin-resistant bacteria with reductions in MIC of antibiotics ranging from 8- to 64-fold. Enterobacter cloacae did not develop resistance to TM8 upon repeated subpassage at its sub-MIC, whereas it evolved to resist ciprofloxacin by sixty-four-fold under the same conditions. A concentration-dependent membrane-disruptive potential activity was noted in flow cytometry using live-dead staining. The impact of monovalent cations was small (\u22642-fold change), while in the presence of divalent cations, the MIC of TM8 increased up to 4-fold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents TM8 as a potential candidate antimicrobial against polymyxin-resistant bacteria. Further studies are recommended focusing on safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of this compound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:43:58Z","timestamp":1775648638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Peptoid-based antimicrobial strategies against polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyam Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Department of Microbiology, , Kathmandu 44600 ,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzina","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology , Dhaka 1349 ,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiye","family":"Tigabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umme Laila","family":"Urmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret Alem","family":"Damtie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias Shiferaw","family":"Mekonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kuppusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford University Department of Bioengineering, , Stanford, CA 94305 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford University Department of Bioengineering, , Stanford, CA 94305 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar H H","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelise E","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford University Department of Bioengineering, , Stanford, CA 94305 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00935","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00935-00919","article-title":"Outer membrane interaction kinetics of new polymyxin B analogs in Gram-negative bacilli","volume":"63","author":"Akhoundsadegh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15081011","article-title":"Co-occurrence of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance determinants among clinical and environmental isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: a genomic approach","volume":"15","author":"Altayb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa450","article-title":"Distinct evolution of colistin resistance associated with experimental resistance evolution models in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"76","author":"Aulin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100958","article-title":"A systematic review and comprehensive analysis of mcr gene prevalence in bacterial isolates in Arab countries","volume":"13","author":"Bakleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6657","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.21.6657-6664.1991","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprH: expression from the cloned gene and function in EDTA and gentamicin resistance","volume":"173","author":"Bell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy043","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences","volume":"43","author":"Bengoechea","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2016.03.026","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of the LPS transporter LptDE from Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"24","author":"Botos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnw166","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw166","article-title":"Mutations in NalC induce MexAB-OprM overexpression resulting in high level of aztreonam resistance in environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"363","author":"Braz","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00873","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00873-00818","article-title":"Synergistic activity of colistin-containing combinations against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"62","author":"Brennan-Krohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091410","article-title":"Assessing\u00a0the\u00a0activity under different physico-chemical conditions,\u00a0digestibility,\u00a0and\u00a0innocuity\u00a0of a\u00a0GAPDH-related fish antimicrobial peptide and analogs thereof","volume":"12","author":"Cashman-Kadri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib11","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2021\u20132022","author":"CDC","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16180-0","article-title":"Intracellular biomass flocculation as a key mechanism of rapid bacterial killing by cationic, amphipathic antimicrobial peptides and peptoids","volume":"7","author":"Chongsiriwatana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib13","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.35th ed. CLSI supplement M100","author":"CLSI","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135961","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135961","article-title":"In vivo, in vitro, and in silico characterization of peptoids as antimicrobial agents","volume":"11","author":"Czyzewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10499","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110499","article-title":"Detection of genes associated with polymyxin and antimicrobial peptide resistance in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"26","author":"Damtie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00440","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00440-00418","article-title":"Genomic analysis of a pan-resistant isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States 2016","volume":"9","author":"de\u00a0Man","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071165","article-title":"A molecular perspective on colistin and Klebsiella pneumoniae: mode of action, resistance genetics, and phenotypic susceptibility","volume":"11","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1754133","article-title":"Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000\u20132019)","volume":"9","author":"El-Sayed\u00a0Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2010.05.002","article-title":"Resistance to polymyxins: mechanisms, frequency and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Falagas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00242-10","article-title":"Adaptive resistance to the \u201clast hope\u201d antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by the novel two-component regulatory system ParR-ParS","volume":"54","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31837-9","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy to treat pandrug-resistant spinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"13","author":"Ferry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv118","article-title":"Unravelling of a mechanism of resistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae using atomic force microscopy","volume":"70","author":"Formosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2005.03.018","article-title":"Structure and mechanism of ArnA: conformational change implies ordered dehydrogenase mechanism in key enzyme for polymyxin resistance","volume":"13","author":"Gatzeva-Topalova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00757.x","article-title":"PmrA-PmrB-regulated genes necessary for 4-aminoarabinose lipid a modification and polymyxin resistance","volume":"27","author":"Gunn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01344-16","article-title":"Genomic characterization of colistin heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae during a nosocomial outbreak","volume":"60","author":"Halaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121851","article-title":"Analysis of complete genome sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606 reveals novel mobile genetic elements and novel prophage","volume":"8","author":"Hamidian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02656","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02656-02617","article-title":"Alterations of metabolic and lipid profiles in polymyxin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03309-1","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: insights from a study in Ardabil hospitals","volume":"24","author":"Jafari-Ramedani","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01958","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01958-20","article-title":"Evolution of colistin resistance in the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex follows multiple evolutionary trajectories with variable effects on fitness and virulence characteristics","volume":"65","author":"Janssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00174","article-title":"A comparative study of outer membrane proteome between paired colistin-susceptible and extremely colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains","volume":"4","author":"Jasim","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2025.2469482","article-title":"Self-assembling peptoid-based antimicrobial nanomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Jenssen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05119-3","article-title":"Early appropriate therapy with polymyxin B reduces the mortality in burn sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: a retrospective analysis","volume":"44","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10001","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00657","article-title":"An intelligent strategy with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations for the design of lipopeptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"65","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05230-11","article-title":"Surface-localized spermidine protects the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane from antibiotic treatment and oxidative stress","volume":"194","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090600","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from keratitis in Australia and India","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60030","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60030","article-title":"Structure of MlaFB uncovers novel mechanisms of ABC transporter regulation","volume":"9","author":"Kolich","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11507.x","article-title":"Identification and characterization of KvgAS, a two-component system in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43","volume":"218","author":"Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC09888F","article-title":"Self-assembly of ultra-small micelles from amphiphilic lipopeptoids","volume":"53","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02466-08","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility to polymyxin B during treatment for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt531","article-title":"Genomic variations between colistin-susceptible and -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and their effects on colistin resistance","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01631","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01631-01618","article-title":"Synergistic antimicrobial activity of colistin in combination with rifampin and azithromycin against Escherichia coli producing MCR-1","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz368","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz368","article-title":"Emergent polymyxin resistance: end of an era?","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.2c00288","article-title":"Anti-persister and anti-biofilm activity of self-assembled antimicrobial peptoid ellipsoidal micelles","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007121","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00071-21","article-title":"Various novel colistin resistance mechanisms interact to facilitate adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to complex colistin environments","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119516","article-title":"Global epidemiology and genetic diversity of mcr-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and genomic analysis","volume":"259","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05226-11","article-title":"Analysis of the networks controlling the antimicrobial-peptide-dependent induction of Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factors","volume":"79","author":"Llobet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15779","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415779","article-title":"Role of efflux pumps on antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"23","author":"Lorusso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00874-3","article-title":"Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the synergistic effect of polymyxin-rifampicin combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"29","author":"Mahamad\u00a0Maifiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120523","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01205-23","article-title":"The Gram-negative permeability barrier: tipping the balance of the in and the out","volume":"14","author":"Maher","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00053-06","article-title":"Contribution of the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB two-component regulatory systems to Mg2+-induced gene regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"188","author":"McPhee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101275","article-title":"Upregulation of pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, phoP, and arnT genes contributing to resistance to colistin in superbug Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human clinical samples in Tehran","volume":"59","author":"Mirshekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infections"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010057","article-title":"Harnessing non-antibiotic strategies to counter multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens with special reference to antimicrobial peptides and their coatings","volume":"14","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lxaf031","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf031","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of peptoids against Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other WHO priority pathogens, including Candida auris","volume":"136","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00834-10","article-title":"Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by complete loss of lipopolysaccharide production","volume":"54","author":"Moffatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42332","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42332","article-title":"Peptoids successfully inhibit the growth of Gram negative E. coli causing substantial membrane damage","volume":"7","author":"Mojsoska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71771-8","article-title":"Halogenation as a tool to tune antimicrobial activity of peptoids","volume":"10","author":"Molchanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00147","article-title":"Antibiotic potentiation in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by a synthetic peptidomimetic","volume":"7","author":"Mood","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2023.129371","article-title":"Amphiphilic tribasic galactosamines potentiate rifampicin in Gram-negative bacteria at low Mg(++)\/Ca(++)concentrations","volume":"97","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000020","article-title":"Rescuing the last-line polymyxins: achievements and challenges","volume":"73","author":"Nang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00536","article-title":"Self-assembly of antimicrobial peptoids impacts their biological effects on ESKAPE bacterial pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.011","article-title":"Genomic analysis of a pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 11 identified in Japan in 2016","volume":"55","author":"Nishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them","volume":"52","author":"Odds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c01217","article-title":"Mechanism of action and resistance evasion of an antimicrobial oligomer against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"5","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127679","article-title":"A molecular overview of the polymyxin-LPS interaction in the context of its mode of action and resistance development","volume":"283","author":"Padhy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00064-16","article-title":"Polymyxins: antibacterial activity, susceptibility testing, and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes","volume":"30","author":"Poirel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13484","article-title":"Structural basis for lipopolysaccharide insertion in the bacterial outer membrane","volume":"511","author":"Qiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3070-y","article-title":"The polymyxin B-induced transcriptomic response of a clinical, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae involves multiple regulatory elements and intracellular targets","volume":"17","author":"Ramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw805","article-title":"Colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: laboratory detection and impact on mortality","volume":"64","author":"Rojas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223823","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02238-23","article-title":"Heteroresistance to colistin in wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical origin","volume":"11","author":"Sanchez-Leon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102169","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides can generate tolerance by lag and interfere with antimicrobial therapy","volume":"14","author":"Sandin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2024.102124","article-title":"The activity of antimicrobial peptoids against multidrug-resistant ocular pathogens","volume":"47","author":"Sara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111597","article-title":"A review of resistance to polymyxins and evolving mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr) among pathogens of clinical significance","volume":"12","author":"Shahzad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP93740","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.93740.3","article-title":"The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Siedentop","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2021.1892072","article-title":"Future prospects for antimicrobial peptide development: peptidomimetics and antimicrobial combinations","volume":"16","author":"Sierra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100289","article-title":"Virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae: insights into canonical and emerging mechanisms driving pathogenicity and drug resistance","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Microbe"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00679","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00679-00618","article-title":"Chromosomally encoded mcr-5 in colistin-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"62","author":"Snesrud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12364-6","article-title":"Integrated evolutionary analysis reveals antimicrobial peptides with limited resistance","volume":"10","author":"Spohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02200","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02200-19","article-title":"Proteomic changes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in response to colistin treatment and crrB mutation-mediated colistin resistance","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2022.100251","article-title":"CrrAB regulates PagP-mediated glycerophosphoglycerol palmitoylation in the outer membrane of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"63","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071259","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides in the modern era: an updated review","volume":"12","author":"Tajer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11101417","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides-mechanisms of action, antimicrobial effects and clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Talapko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101229","article-title":"Design, optimization, and nanotechnology of antimicrobial peptides: from exploration to applications","volume":"39","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02559.x","article-title":"Effect of ions on antibacterial activity of human beta defensin 2","volume":"44","author":"Tomita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a025288","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025288","article-title":"Polymyxin: alternative mechanisms of action and resistance","volume":"6","author":"Trimble","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1086\/595977","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of infection with pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary care university hospital","volume":"30","author":"Valencia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.08.011","article-title":"Acinetobacter in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"16","author":"Van\u00a0Der\u00a0Kolk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913493337","article-title":"Surface changes and polymyxin interactions with a resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"20","author":"Velkov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.39","article-title":"Pharmacology of polymyxins: new insights into an \u2018old\u2019 class of antibiotics","volume":"8","author":"Velkov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2016-0091","article-title":"Polymyxins: a new hope in combating Gram-negative superbugs?","volume":"8","author":"Velkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Med Chem"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2025.100272","article-title":"A biofilm-targeting lipo-peptoid to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus co-infections","volume":"9","author":"Wardell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib93","volume-title":"WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.03942.x","article-title":"A novel cationic-peptide coating for the prevention of microbial colonization on contact lenses","volume":"105","author":"Willcox","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100954","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"68","author":"Xuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2020.08.003","article-title":"Agents of last resort: an update on polymyxin resistance","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173843","article-title":"Activity of antimicrobial peptides and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms","volume":"25","author":"Yasir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101159","article-title":"Enhancement of antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus by administration of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"10","author":"Yasir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0157723","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01577-23","article-title":"EvgS\/EvgA, the unorthodox two-component system regulating bacterial multiple resistance","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"2026051510470392100_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151412","article-title":"Complete genome sequence and genome-scale metabolic modelling of Acinetobacter baumannii type strain ATCC 19606","volume":"310","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxag093\/68032010\/lxag093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/137\/4\/lxag093\/68032010\/lxag093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/137\/4\/lxag093\/68032010\/lxag093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:47:13Z","timestamp":1778856433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxag093\/8651502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jambio\/lxag093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2672","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"article-number":"lxag093"}}