{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:09:14Z","timestamp":1791623354762,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N0137941\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N0137941\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Bath Alumni Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections and an important site for development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Although CAUTI are frequently polymicrobial, the majority of research focuses on individual pathogens in monoculture, largely due to a lack of representative and tractable models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop a tractable and reproducible model of polymicrobial CAUTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we describe the use of an in vitro model of the catheterized urinary tract to generate polymicrobial communities encompassing common uropathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis), in an environment representative of the catheterized urinary tract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We show that our system establishes stable and reproducible polymicrobial communities and facilitates analysis across both planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. We confirm that polymicrobial biofilms in this system display distinct population dynamics compared to planktonic populations and modulate the impact of ciprofloxacin treatment by protecting the most susceptible community members. In addition, we demonstrate the capacity of P. mirabilis to encrust and block catheters when part of a polymicrobial community and confirm that thioridazine treatment remains effective at inhibiting catheter blockage under these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1776858429000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A model of polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infection reveals biofilm-mediated modulation of treatment efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Isobel","family":"Garratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath Department of Life Sciences, , Bath BA2 7AY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Y","family":"Ravari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath Department of Life Sciences, , Bath BA2 7AY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ocean E","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool Department of Clinical Infection, , Liverpool L69 7BE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"McMurtrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genomics Unit, Public Health Wales , Cardiff, Wales CF14 7YU ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E","family":"Wand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency , Salisbury SP4 0JG ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Feil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath Department of Life 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