{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:21:18Z","timestamp":1792203678667,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010016","name":"Nottingham Trent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic wound infections are driven by multidrug\u2013resistant, biofilm\u2013forming bacteria that impede antimicrobial penetration and limit therapeutic success. This study aimed to evaluate deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as intrinsically active antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents and to determine how their physicochemical properties influence biological performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four DES formulations, choline chloride\u2013lactic acid, choline chloride\u2013malonic acid, betaine\u2013lactic acid, and betaine\u2013malonic acid, were evaluated for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against six clinically relevant wound\u2013associated bacterial strains. All DESs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations typically ranging from \u223c0.2% to 0.8% (v\/v), and achieved near-complete eradication of mature biofilms at higher concentrations. Temperature\u2013dependent viscosity and ionic conductivity measurements revealed composition\u2013dependent transport behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support a structure\u2013transport\u2013activity relationship, in which hydrogen-bond organization and ionic mobility are associated with DES antimicrobial potency and highlight their relevance as solvent-active therapeutic platforms of interest for strategies targeting biofilm-associated infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:47:16Z","timestamp":1780055236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neat deep eutectic solvents exhibit potent antibiofilm activity: overcoming dilution bias in eutectic solvent antimicrobial assays"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Taiwo A","family":"Akinyele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS ,","place":["United 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