{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:10:42Z","timestamp":1790334642642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zoonotic infections with Salmonella spp. transmitted from reptiles to humans are an increasing concern due to the growing number of documented cases and the close contact between humans and reptiles. Reptiles, such as bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), frequently carry Salmonella enterica asymptomatically as part of their intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains in reptiles, bacteriophages (phages) may provide a targeted and sustainable alternative for preventing reptile-to-human transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen phages were isolated from ten of eighteen fecal samples collected from bearded dragons. Seven of these phages were selected for further analyses. Host range assays on 41 S. enterica and nine non-Salmonella isolates revealed a narrow spectrum: phages infected up to 63.4% of Salmonella isolates and lysed one non-Salmonella strain. Planktonic killing assays at 25 and 37\u00b0C showed pronounced bacterial growth reduction, with 8 of 12 significant inhibitions observed at 37\u00b0C. Phage cocktails generally showed stronger inhibition than individual phages. Electron microscopy and whole-genome sequencing identified six Myovirus-like and one Siphovirus-like phage, all temperate with integrase or transposase genes despite lytic activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study expands knowledge of S. enterica-specific phages from reptiles, detailing host specificity, morphology, and genomic features. While in vitro results are promising, in vivo efficacy may be influenced by host physiology, immunity, and microbiome interactions. The predominance of temperate phages may limit direct therapeutic use, though low lysogeny rates in related phages and genetic engineering advances may enable future applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxag188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:38:30Z","timestamp":1784893110000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salmonella-specific phages from captive bearded dragons (\n                    <i>Pogona vitticeps<\/i>\n                    ): temperate traits and temperature-dependent variability in inhibition across isolates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"K\u00fcper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Medicine and Surgery, , Foundation, 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Kittler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Foundation, 30173 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Peh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Foundation, 30173 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Hirnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Foundation, 30173 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hetterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Medicine and Surgery, , Foundation, 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna Sophia","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Medicine and Surgery, , Foundation, 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Pl\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Foundation, 30173 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Rohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Foundation, 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"M\u00fcsken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research \u2013 HZI , 38124 Braunschweig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Fruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute , 38855 Wernigerode ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Medicine and Surgery, , Foundation, 30559 Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092506471984600_bib1","article-title":"Bacteriophage ecology: population growth, evolution, and impact of bacterial viruses","volume-title":"Advances in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology","author":"Abedon","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026092506471984600_bib2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Farbatlas zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionserreger der Tiere","author":"Bisping","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026092506471984600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3549-0_8","article-title":"Phage 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