{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:23:28Z","timestamp":1767374608475,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN2018-05346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN2018-05346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G-18-0022123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-18-0022123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-169008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-169008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Sant\u00e9"},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Nature et Technologies postdoctoral fellowship"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Academic Practice Plan, University of British Columbia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) can lead to adverse health conditions such as cardiomyopathy. The linear correlation between PVC frequency and heart rate (as positive, negative, or neutral) on a 24-hour Holter recording has been proposed as a way to classify patients and guide treatment with beta-blockers. Our objective was to evaluate the robustness of this classification to measurement methodology, different 24-hour periods, and nonlinear dependencies of PVCs on heart rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 82 multi-day Holter recordings (1-7 days) collected from 48 patients with frequent PVCs (burden 1%-44%). For each record, linear correlation between PVC frequency and heart rate was computed for different 24-hour periods and using different length intervals to determine PVC frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a 1-hour interval, the correlation between PVC frequency and heart rate was consistently positive, negative, or neutral on different days in only 36.6% of patients. Using shorter time intervals, the correlation was consistent in 56.1% of patients. Shorter time intervals revealed nonlinear and piecewise linear relationships between PVC frequency and heart rate in many patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The variability of the correlation between PVC frequency and heart rate across different 24-hour periods and interval durations suggests that the relationship is neither strictly linear nor stationary. A better understanding of the mechanism driving the PVCs, combined with computational and biological models that represent these mechanisms, may provide insight into the observed nonlinear behavior and guide more robust classification strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear correlation as a tool to classify patients with frequent PVCs should be used with caution. It is sensitive to the specific 24-hour period analyzed and the methodology used to segment the data. More sophisticated classification approaches that can capture nonlinear and time-varying dependencies should be developed and considered in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T07:48:43Z","timestamp":1745308123000},"page":"90-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dependence of premature ventricular complexes on heart rate\u2014it\u2019s not that simple"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0654-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Osakwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 1E3,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Wightman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 1E3,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc W","family":"Deyell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6E 1M7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Laksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6E 1M7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin","family":"Shrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5304-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Bub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1595-9444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M","family":"Bury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 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