{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:58:23Z","timestamp":1781251103021,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007746","name":"Kellogg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P-6000190-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-6000190-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007746","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RI-LPHI-PS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RI-LPHI-PS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a cohort identification algorithm that captures pregnancy episodes in electronic health record data and characterize demographic and clinical data for eligible patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data extracted from EHRs and conformed to the PCORnet Common Data Model between July 2016 and June 2023 for this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our phenotype identified 74\u2009480 pregnant people associated with 95\u2009503 pregnancies between July 2016 to June 2023. The cohort was 44.4% non-Hispanic White, 37.5% non-Hispanic Black, and 11.4% Hispanic. The median maternal age in the cohort was 29. Most pregnancy episodes (80.1%) resulted in live birth. The rate of deliveries with a severe maternal morbidity (SMM) was 179 per 10\u2009000 deliveries, 51.1% of which were associated with a non-Hispanic Black person (p &amp;lt; .01). The preterm birth rate was 12.8%, and the percentage of deliveries with timely postpartum care was 73.9%. The rate of deliveries where the person had a diagnosis of gestational diabetes was 9.1%, and the rate for hypertensive disorders was 24.2%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical information about a pregnancy episode can be challenging to visualize using EHR data alone, even as it is increasingly critical to be able to do so for public health and policy research. The methods we describe result in a database of pregnancy episodes that distills complex data into a useful format for pragmatic researchers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a replicable method of identifying pregnancy episodes using electronic health record data using coding ontologies common in clinical practice and research. We demonstrated proof of concept by running simple maternal health metrics on the cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooag088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:45:27Z","timestamp":1779363927000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A technical framework for using electronic medical records to create and maintain a cross-sectional research cohort of pregnant people in the Gulf South"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Crull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna V","family":"Legrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Farrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristie","family":"Bardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan L","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeve E","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University, Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Carton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Nauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Louisiana Public Health Institute , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40695-022-00085-8","article-title":"Overturning Roe v. Wade: consequences for midlife women\u2019s health and well-being","volume":"9","author":"Berg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Womens Midlife Health"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shifts in the distribution of births by gestational age: United States, 2014\u20132022","volume":"73","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B3","first-page":"283","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in pregnancy-related hypertensive disease in nulliparous women","volume":"24","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17104","article-title":"Racial disparities in cardiovascular complications with pregnancy-induced hypertension in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Minhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.3189","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant individuals with gestational diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2014-2020","volume":"327","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7217","article-title":"Trends in gestational diabetes at first live birth by race and ethnicity in the US, 2011-2019","volume":"326","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2020.09.002","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity: a qualitative study of women\u2019s experiences of peripartum care","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003667","article-title":"Race and ethnicity, medical insurance, and within-hospital severe maternal morbidity disparities","volume":"135","author":"Howell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109821","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and anesthetic techniques for obstetric deliveries: a multi-state analysis, 2007\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Tangel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Chappel","year":"2021","DOI":"10.1377\/hblog20210729.265068"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098612470389","article-title":"Methodological challenges in using routinely collected health data to investigate long-term effects of medication use during pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Grzeskowiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X20948984","article-title":"Perinatal epidemiology: issues, challenges, and potential solutions","volume":"14","author":"Giannakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002957","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002957","article-title":"Using electronic health records for population health research: a review of methods and applications","volume":"16","author":"Hess","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1135","article-title":"The use of electronic medical records for public health surveillance of malaria","volume":"13","author":"Laserson","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20154280","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4280","article-title":"Electronic health records for surveillance of emerging infections: mini-Sentinel febrile seizures study","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw724","article-title":"Electronic health records as a tool for improvement in foodborne disease surveillance and control","volume":"64","author":"Reller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3007","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000003007","article-title":"Electronic health records-based phenotyping","volume":"95","author":"Richesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-000896","article-title":"Validation of electronic medical record-based phenotyping algorithms: results and lessons learned from the eMERGE network","volume":"20","author":"Newton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B19","author":"Shenkman","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5334\/egems.199","article-title":"Evaluating foundational data quality in the national patient-centered clinical research network (PCORnet\u00ae)","volume":"6","author":"Qualls","year":"2018","journal-title":"EGEMS (Wash DC)"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.036","article-title":"PCORnet\u00ae 2020: current state, accomplishments, and future directions","volume":"129","author":"Forrest","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104339","article-title":"Development and evaluation of MADDIE: Method to acquire delivery date information from electronic health records","volume":"145","author":"Canel\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01113-8","article-title":"Validating claims-based algorithms determining pregnancy outcomes and gestational age using a linked claims-electronic medical record database","volume":"44","author":"Moll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B24","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab077","article-title":"Severe maternal morbidity: a comparison of definitions and data sources","volume":"190","author":"Snowden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B26","author":"World Health Organization","year":"."},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B27","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"."},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B28","author":"National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)","year":"."},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B29","author":"Hill","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026061203144544100_ooag088-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.05.033","article-title":"Racism and perinatal health inequities research: where we have been and where we should go","volume":"227","author":"Headen","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJOG"}],"container-title":["JAMIA Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamiaopen\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/ooag088\/68515520\/ooag088.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamiaopen\/article-pdf\/9\/3\/ooag088\/68515520\/ooag088.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:14:52Z","timestamp":1781248492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamiaopen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooag088\/8706672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooag088","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"article-number":"ooag088"}}