{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1769556499459,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A qualitative 3\u2009min one-step assay for detecting beta-lactam, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics was validated following milk screening test guidelines developed by FDA-CVM, AOAC-RI, and IDF. The validated 90% detection levels with 95% confidence were: penicillin G 2 part per billion (ppb); amoxicillin 4\u2009ppb; ampicillin 9\u2009ppb; ceftiofur plus metabolites 50\u2009ppb; cloxacillin 9\u2009ppb; cephapirin 15\u2009ppb; sulfadimethoxine 8\u2009ppb; sulfamethazine 9\u2009ppb; chlortetracycline 34\u2009ppb; oxytetracycline 53\u2009ppb; and tetracycline 42\u2009ppb. Detection levels were lower than U.S. and Canadian allowable limits for milk and were consistent with most European Maximum Residue Limits. Tests of raw commingled cows\u2019 milk indicated a low positive error rate of &amp;lt;0.3% with no interferences demonstrated by 1.08 MM\/mL somatic cells, Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria &amp;lt; 300\u2009K\/mL, freeze\/thawing, or non-targeted drugs. Detection of incurred residues were similar to, or more sensitive to, fortified samples. Some cross reactivity across drug families occurred in interference studies and therefore initial positive samples should be confirmed with drug family specific screening methods. The National Conference of Interstate Milk Shipments approval as a bulk tank\/tanker screening test was completed in three stages for each drug family, including a tetracycline confirmation procedure to target U.S. tolerance levels. Detection and robustness were found to be appropriate for multiple countries\u2019 regulatory requirements for screening tests. The method development, validation, and approval was intended to diversify and increase the verification tools for the control of the major antibiotic drug families used in managing cows\u2019 health and welfare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaa034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T12:21:56Z","timestamp":1582978916000},"page":"1366-1377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["TRIO Method for Detection of Beta-Lactams, Sulfonamides, and Tetracyclines in Raw Commingled Cows' Milk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Robert S","family":"Salter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"Markovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A C","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D R","family":"Legg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Conaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L W","family":"McRobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover St, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Kalinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurofins-DQCI, 5205 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Bulthaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurofins-DQCI, 5205 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B1","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B2","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B3","first-page":"359","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B4"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B5","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B6","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B7","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021091415214205600_qsaa034-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-58.5.577","volume":"58","author":"Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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