{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:05:57Z","timestamp":1787061957179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006473","name":"Ministry of\u00a0Science, Technology and Telecommunications","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006473","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Innovation and Human Capital Program for Competitiveness"},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technology Research","award":["PED-056-2015-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PED-056-2015-I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ols with putative health benefits. PAC are prevalent in a wide variety of natural products and dietary supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An inter-laboratory study was conducted to validate the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) colorimetric assay using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer for the accurate quantification of PAC in cranberry products and to evaluate the comparison of the procyanidin A2 (ProA2) dimer and cranberry PAC (c-PAC) reference standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four test materials analyzed in this study included cranberry fiber powder, cranberry extract powder, concentrated cranberry juice, and a solution of cranberry PAC (30%, w\/v). The samples were homogenized, extracted, sonicated, centrifuged, and analyzed using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linearity for both the ProA2 and c-PAC standards was determined from 4.053 to 50.666\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and from 13.520 to 135.95\u2009\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) values for the four materials analyzed, using both ProA2 and c-PAC standards, met the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR\u00ae). Inter-laboratory precision using Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values for the four materials analyzed, using both ProA2 and c-PAC standards, satisfies the acceptance range in Appendix K of the Official Methods of Analysis (2003): Guidelines for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated to be 3.16\u2009\u00b5g\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results produced from this study demonstrate the utility of the c-PAC standard over the ProA2 standard and the advantages of using a 96-well plate spectrophotometer for the accurate quantification of PAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of a 96-well plate reader and c-PAC reference standard in the DMAC method improves accuracy and percision for quantification of soluble proanthocyanidins in cranberry foods and dietary supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaa084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T07:08:18Z","timestamp":1592291298000},"page":"216-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Inter-Laboratory Validation of 4-(Dimethylamino) Cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) Assay Using Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Standard for Quantification of Soluble Proanthocyanidins in Cranberry Foods and Dietary Supplements, First Action\n                    <i>Official Method<\/i>\n                    SM: 2019.06"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Andrew D","family":"Birmingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 275 Rodney Road, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-2562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Esquivel-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maranan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 275 Rodney Road, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian G","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 275 Rodney Road, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess D","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, 275 Rodney Road, Cambridge, WI 53523, USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Animal Sciences, Reed Research Group, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071316253422700_qsaa084-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.05.015","volume":"66","author":"Reed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2021071316253422700_qsaa084-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700463","volume":"52","author":"Hummer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. 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