{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1780920418664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone that has several advantages over its (R) ofloxacin isomer. It is used to treat different types of infection, including urinary infection and prostatitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A new HPLC method for the enantioselective separation of levofloxacin and its chiral impurity was developed and validated to improve the separation of the enantiomers of levofloxacin [impurity(R) and active principle (S)] by increasing the value of the resolution between the eutomer and the distomer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chromatographic separation was performed on a Prodigy ODS -2, 5\u2009\u00b5m 4.6\u2009\u00d7\u2009150\u2009mm column, with a gradient of buffer solution and methanol (80:20, v\/v). A Box\u2013Behnken design was considered when optimizing the enantioseparation involving the effects of many factors such as the concentration of d-phenylalanine, the pH of the buffer, the percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase, the flow rate, the temperature of the column, and the type of column.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chiral separation was achieved with an optimal resolution of 3.8. The method was successfully validated following the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline, fulfilling the acceptance criteria for selectivity [no interference in the retention time of (S) levofloxacin and (R) levofloxacin], linearity (r\u2009\u22650.999 in the range 1.25\u20133.75\u2009\u00b5g\/mL for all enantiomers), and precision (RSD &amp;lt;2%). Accuracy was assessed by the application of the analytical method to an analyte of known purity, providing evidence for the usefulness of this monitoring system.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The method was successfully used for the determination of levofloxacin impurity in raw material and pharmaceutical dosage forms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The following method is accurate and robust to quantify and characterize the presence of levofloxacin impurity in raw material for pharmaceutical compounds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsab077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T11:16:33Z","timestamp":1623150993000},"page":"1690-1697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimization of a Ligand Exchange Chromatography Method for the Enantioselective Separation of Levofloxacin and Its Chiral Impurity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8636-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Abousalih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miloud El","family":"Karbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Chimie organique Appliqu\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, F\u00e8s, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fouad","family":"Echerfaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine Hameda","family":"Benchekroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Chimie organique Appliqu\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, F\u00e8s, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8075-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Karrouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Azougagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSAM, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2766-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houda","family":"Bouchafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustapha","family":"Bouatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9dicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121116234337300_qsab077-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.12.073","volume":"1182","author":"Shao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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