{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:14:49Z","timestamp":1791386089747,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Propylene chlorohydrins (PCHs) are formed as byproducts in the reaction between starch and propylene oxide (PO). For hydroxypropylated (HP) starch applications in food, Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food additives (JECFA) set the maximum allowed total propylene chlorohydrin (PHC-t) residues level at 1\u2009mg\/kg.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To develop an improved analytical method for the determination of the PCH-t content in starches in the low mg\/kg range to replace the outdated JECFA method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A new GC\u2013MS method that utilizes aqueous methanol as extraction medium for PCH. The GC\u2013MS system is equipped with a programmable temperature vaporization injector and Stabilwax-DA column and uses helium as carrier gas. Quantitative detection is achieved in selected ion monitoring mode.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This single-laboratory validation (SLV) study showed good linear calibrations for both 1-chloro-2-propanol (PCH-1) and 2-chloro-1-propanol (PCH-2) in the concentration range of 0.5\u20134\u2009mg\/kg in dry starch. The lower LOQ of PCH-1 and PCH-2 was 0.2\u20130.3\u2009mg\/kg in dry starch, the reproducibility RSD (RSDR) at the concentration level of 1\u20132\u2009mg\/kg in dry starch was 3\u20135%, and the recovery values for both PCH-1 and PCH-2 were in the range of 78\u2013112% at a concentration level of about 0.6\u2009mg\/kg in dry starch. Compared with the current, outdated JECFA method, the new GC\u2013MS method is more sustainable, less laborious, and therefore more economical. The analytical capacity of the new method is 4\u20135 times higher than the analytical capacity of the old JECFA method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The GC\u2013MS method is fit for a multi-laboratory trial (MLT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on the results of this SLV and the MLT (will be published in a second paper), the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives has recently decided to replace the outdated GC\u2013FID JECFA method with the new GC\u2013MS method for the determination of PCH-t content in starches.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsad042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1680883695000},"page":"1220-1229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New JECFA Method for GC-MS Determination of Propylene Chlorohydrine Residues in Hydroxypropylated Starches"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8671-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menko","family":"van der Ark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avebe Innovation Center, Zernikelaan 8, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Hopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avebe Innovation Center, Zernikelaan 8, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Mijland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avebe Innovation Center, Zernikelaan 8, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wubbo","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avebe Innovation Center, Zernikelaan 8, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Asdarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avebe Innovation Center, Zernikelaan 8, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredion Incorporated, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Medic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredion Incorporated, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1230-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredion Incorporated, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kommer","family":"Brunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotating Disc b.v. , Spoorlaan 31 , 9753 HV Haren, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800167","DOI":"10.1002\/star201800167","volume":"71","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Starch \u2013 St\u00e4rke"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B2","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B3"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B4","first-page":"57"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B5","first-page":"54"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B6"},{"key":"2023090111582183200_qsad042-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200274050835","volume":"74","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pure Appl. 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