{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T06:31:00Z","timestamp":1793773860017,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adulteration of camel milk powder with cheaper alternatives such as cow milk powder has become a growing concern, compromising both nutritional quality and consumer trust. Detecting such adulteration is critical for ensuring product authenticity, especially given the rising demand for camel milk in niche health markets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores the application of Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric techniques for the detection and quantification of adulteration in camel milk powder with cow milk powder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Camel milk powder was adulterated with cow milk powder across a range of concentrations from 0 to 50%. Raman spectra of these mixtures were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, followed by partial least-squares regression (PLSR) modeling with different spectral pretreatments (raw, Savitzky-Golay, gap derivative). Interval PLS (IPLS) in backward mode was applied to enhance variable selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCA captured 99.6% of spectral variance. The raw PLSR model already showed strong predictive power (R2cv\u2009=\u200995.93%). Savitzky-Golay further boosted performance (R2 test\u2009=\u200999.47%), while the gap derivative achieved near-perfect prediction (R2 test\u2009=\u200999.94%, RMSEtest\u2009=\u20091.10). IPLS modeling significantly improved robustness, yielding high accuracy (R2 test\u2009=\u200998%) with fewer variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate that the integration of Raman spectroscopy with PCA, PLSR, and IPLS constitutes a robust, precise, and reliable approach for the detection of adulteration in camel milk powder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The application of Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometric modeling proves to be an efficient and robust analytical tool for quality control in the dairy industry, enabling the accurate detection of adulteration and ensuring the authenticity and safety of camel milk powder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaf075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T11:47:45Z","timestamp":1755085665000},"page":"90-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With Chemometric Techniques for Authenticity Assessment of Camel Milk Powder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9501-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Ait El Alia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies , Pb 591 M\u2019Ghila , B\u00e9ni Mellal, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0880-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdennacer","family":"El Mrabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation and Artificial Intelligence in Health, Research Team on Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , B.P. 9154 , Casablanca 20250, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4316-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumaya","family":"Boukrouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI) , Laayoune, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morad","family":"Kaddouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies , Pb 591 M\u2019Ghila , B\u00e9ni Mellal, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0036-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Boutoial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies , Pb 591 M\u2019Ghila , B\u00e9ni Mellal, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimen","family":"El Orche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan II University of Casablanca, Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation and Artificial Intelligence in Health, Research Team on Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , B.P. 9154 , Casablanca 20250, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122414223592600_qsaf075-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2022.106888","volume":"219","author":"Ait El Alia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small Rumin. 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