{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:44:47Z","timestamp":1789487087139,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Illegal treatment of seafood with formaldehyde can endanger consumers as it is a toxic carcinogenic chemical that comes under the International Agency for Research on Cancer\u2019s list of class I carcinogens. Faster testing methods for field detection could prevent marketing of formaldehyde-contaminated fishes as instrumental testing is time-consuming. A rapid paper strip method for screening formaldehyde contamination, named \u201cCIFTest,\u201d in fresh fish was developed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT) and is a qualitative non-destructive test method. Validation details of this testing technique are highly relevant as this test is recommended for rapid on-site screening of formaldehyde contamination by food safety officials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study describes the validation of rapid paper strip-based detection of formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish based on International Stakeholder Panel on Alternative Methods (ISPAM) guidelines for qualitative binary chemistry methods given by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The validation study covered performance characteristics such as limit of detection (LOD) selectivity, specificity, probability of detection (POD), applicability, ruggedness, and a comparison with an instrumental method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LOD of the kit is 4\u2009mg\/kg. The appearance of green to blue coloration on the paper strip indicates the presence of formaldehyde. The test kit is selective and specific in detecting the targeted compound formaldehyde in comparison to non-targeted compounds, namely acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The POD determined at the LOD is 95% and the \u03b2-error is 5%. The 95% POD observed for formaldehyde was from 4\u2009mg\/kg onwards in fish. The method is rugged and applicable in different fish matrices. Randomly screened positive samples were in the range of 4.1 to 26.78\u2009mg\/kg by HPLC analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study confirms that the developed paper strip is adequate and validated for assessing formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish qualitatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paper strip-based testing using the \u201cCIFTest\u201d kit is a highly suitable and valid method for faster screening of formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsag075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T11:52:53Z","timestamp":1786189973000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of a paper strip method for detecting formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundarambal Jawahar","family":"Laly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Quality Assurance and Management Division , Kochi, 682 029, Kerala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erikkumpurath Raghavan","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Quality Assurance and Management Division , Kochi, 682 029, Kerala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyen Kumar","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Standards Authority of India , Quality Assurance , New Delhi, 110002,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalil George","family":"Joshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Quality Assurance and Management Division , Kochi, 682 029, Kerala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliyamveetil Abubacker","family":"Zynudheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Quality Assurance and Management Division , Kochi, 682 029, Kerala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandragiri Nagaraja Rao","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Quality Assurance and Management Division , Kochi, 682 029, Kerala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091509421653400_qsag075-B1","first-page":"1","author":"IARC","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026091509421653400_qsag075-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108882","volume":"136","author":"Jinadasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2026091509421653400_qsag075-B3","author":"WHO (World Health Organization)","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026091509421653400_qsag075-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2016.02.037","volume":"6","author":"Hoque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Food Sci"},{"key":"2026091509421653400_qsag075-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21077\/ijf.2017.64.4.61228-12","volume":"64, 87\u201393","author":"Laly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. 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