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Ten primary bioactive constituents\u2014sinapine thiocyanate, corydaline, coptisine, berberine hydrochloride, dehydrocorydaline, euphol, methyl eugenol, safrole, elemicin, and sinapic acid\u2014were quantitatively assessed. Thorough quality evaluation used orthogonal partial least squares\u2013discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten distinct chemical compounds were discovered, demonstrating batch-to-batch diversity in concentration; notably, sinapine thiocyanate and methyl eugenol exhibited comparatively larger abundances. The similarity indices between HPLC and GC fingerprints for 16 SFP batches surpassed 0.9. HCA and PCA produced consistent clustering patterns. The OPLS-DA model exhibited stability and robustness, identifying euphol, dehydrocorydaline, sinapine thiocyanate, and methyl eugenol as the primary discriminatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed a chemical fingerprinting and quantitative content\u2013determination approach that offers an accurate and dependable instrument for the quality evaluation and thorough assessment of SFP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GC and HPLC fingerprinting techniques, along with quantitative content\u2013determination assays for SFP, were established for the inaugural time. These approaches are essential for clarifying the pharmacological foundation of its bioactive components and for thorough quality evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsag080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:52:14Z","timestamp":1787226734000},"page":"1052-1062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quality Evaluation of Sanfu Paste by Combining Multidimensional Fingerprint with Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7943-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1577-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao , No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110408332653100_qsag080-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.07.007","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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