{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:05:52Z","timestamp":1753877152294,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Heartland Lysine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of oven drying (OD) or freeze drying (FD) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 15 barrows (88.4 \u00b1 6.4 kg) were allotted to either a corn starch\u2013soybean meal (CST), potato starch\u2013soybean meal (PST), or corn\u2013soybean meal (CSBM) diet, over 2 collection periods. Following collection, samples were pooled within pig and subdivided into either OD or FD, resulting in 10 observations per diet by drying-method combination. In experiment 2, 11 barrows (63.3 \u00b1 3.8 kg) were fed a CST diet, and, following collection, samples were pooled within pig and subdivided and either adjusted to pH 4 or remain unadjusted. Subsets of these samples were then subdivided to be either FD or OD, resulting in 11 observations per pH level by drying-method combination. OD was accomplished by drying samples in a forced air oven at either 100 \u00b0C (experiment 1) or 75 \u00b0C (experiment 2). In experiment 1, there was no diet type by drying-method interactions noted for any of the AA (P &amp;gt; 0.10).OD resulted in a higher AID of AA compared with samples which were FD (P \u2264 0.10), for all AA except for Gly and Tyr. Averaged across all AA, AID of AA was 3.3% greater if the sample was OD compared with FD. Differences in AID of AA among the 3 diets were noted for all AA (P \u2264 0.07), except for Cys (P = 0.33), due to the fact that CST and PST diets only contained soybean meal (SBM) as an AA-providing ingredient while the CSBM diet contained both corn and SBM. Pigs fed the PST diet had greater SID for all AA compared with pigs fed the CST diet (P \u2264 0.05), except for His, Lys, Cys, and Glu. In experiment 2, there were no pH-adjustment by drying-method interactions noted on AID for any of the AA (P &amp;gt; 0.10). Adjusting ileal digesta to a pH of 4.0 had little effect on AID for most of the AA, except for a lowered AID of Arg, His, Lys, Trp, and Ser (P \u2264 0.10). OD resulted in a higher AID for all AA (P \u2264 0.09) except for Ile, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Glu, and Gly. Averaged across all AA, the increase in AID of AA was 1.7% greater if the sample was OD compared with FD. On average, OD of ileal digesta resulted in a 2.5% greater estimate of AID of AA compared with samples that were FD, and was not diet-, pH-, or AA-dependent. Because the majority of the data on AA digestibility are based on FD, a bias factor may be necessary to adjust AA digestibility data obtained on an OD-basis relative to an FD-basis for use in feed formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T06:58:37Z","timestamp":1580281117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lack of interactive effects between diet composition and acid addition with drying method on amino acid digestibility values in porcine ileal digesta"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3123-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J","family":"Kerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby M","family":"Curry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett C","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.12.007","article-title":"Mechanistic modelling of the inhibitory effect of pH on microbial growth","volume":"72","author":"Akkermans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0002","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC International.","year":"2007","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104497","article-title":"Intestinal nitrogen recycling and utilization in health and disease","volume":"139","author":"Bergen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77992-2","article-title":"Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows","volume":"75","author":"Clark","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115001238","article-title":"Estimating fermentative amino acid catabolism in the small intestine of growing pigs","volume":"9","author":"Columbus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-27","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility in low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs","volume":"5","author":"Curry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0640362","article-title":"Freeze drying versus oven drying of excreta in true metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy, and true amino acid availability bioassays","volume":"64","author":"Dale","year":"1985","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0157","article-title":"Correction for amino acid loss during acid hydrolysis of a purified protein","volume":"236","author":"Darragh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0640487","article-title":"A collaborative study to evaluate a precision-fed rooster assay for true amino acid availability in feed ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Engster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3465","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility in heated soybean meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"89","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vega","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660500066084","article-title":"Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0012","volume-title":"International Organization for Standardization, animal feeding stuffs \u2013 determination of tryptophan content","author":"ISO.","year":"2016","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3768","article-title":"Effects of drying methods on nitrogen and energy concentrations in pig feces and urine, and poultry excreta","volume":"89","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1984.584926x","article-title":"Amino acid availabilities in soybean meal, sunflower meal, fish meal and meat and bone meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"58","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6252","article-title":"Effects of reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles composition on digestible and metabolizable energy value and prediction in growing pigs","volume":"91","author":"Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0016","first-page":"2614","article-title":"Nutrient composition, digestible and metabolizable energy content, and prediction of energy for animal protein byproducts in finishing pig diets","volume":"95","author":"Kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz294","article-title":"Amino acid composition and digestible amino acid content in animal protein by-product meals fed to growing pigs1","volume":"97","author":"Kerr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03179","article-title":"Additivity of amino acid digestibility in corn and soybean meal for broiler chickens and White Pekin ducks","volume":"92","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky454","article-title":"Oven drying of ileal digesta from growing pigs reduces the concentration of AA compared with freeze drying and results in reduced calculated values for endogenous losses and elevated estimates for ileal digestibility of AA","volume":"97","author":"Lagos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04858.x","article-title":"A new model for the effect of pH on microbial growth: an extension of the Gamma hypothesis","volume":"110","author":"Lambert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19850808","article-title":"Proteins in the digesta of the pig: amino acid composition of endogenous, bacterial and fecal fractions","volume":"25","author":"Laplace","year":"1985","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0022","first-page":"535","article-title":"Collaborative study of the quantitative determination of titanium dioxide in cheese","volume":"56","author":"Leone","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01073582","article-title":"Evaluation of methods of measurement of nitrogen in poultry and animal manures","volume":"24","author":"Mahimairaja","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fert. Res"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0430547","article-title":"Losses of energy and nitrogen in drying excreta of hens","volume":"43","author":"Manoukas","year":"1964","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.1987.10430478","article-title":"Comparison of the ileal digestibility of amino acids in ground barley for the growing rat and pig","volume":"30","author":"Moughan","year":"1987","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0026","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11th rev. ed"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey049","article-title":"The effect of drying method temperature, collection method, and marker type on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in 21-day-old broilers fed corn-soybean meal-barley based diet","volume":"97","author":"Olojede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9441","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801618g","article-title":"Application of the reactive lysine procedure to estimate lysine digestibility in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs","volume":"56","author":"Pahm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2007.666.672","article-title":"Evaluation of traditional sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) beer residue, shea-nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) cake and cottonseed (Gossypium Spp.) cake for poultry in Burkina Faso: availability and amino acid digestibility","volume":"6","author":"Pousga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.149.1.1-5.1982","article-title":"Relationship between temperature and growth rate of bacterial cultures","volume":"149","author":"Ratkowsky","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669987692","article-title":"A comparison of ileal digesta and excreta analysis for the determination of amino acid digestibility in food ingredients for poultry","volume":"40","author":"Ravindran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/10.1.21","article-title":"Comparison of different drying techniques for nitrogen analysis of poultry excreta, feces, and tissue","volume":"10","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02173","article-title":"Effects of diet type and ingredient composition on rate of passage and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chicks","volume":"91","author":"Rochell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00018a013","article-title":"Effect of hydrolysis time on the determination of the amino acid composition of diet, ileal digesta, and feces samples and on the determination of dietary amino acid digestibility coefficients","volume":"40","author":"Rowan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0480041","article-title":"Losses of energy and nitrogen on drying poultry excreta","volume":"48","author":"Shannon","year":"1969","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0581392","article-title":"The effect of the drying procedure on excreta energy values for poultry and other species","volume":"58","author":"Sibbald","year":"1979","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12447","article-title":"Amino acid composition of rumen bacteria and protozoa in cattle","volume":"100","author":"Sok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.844853x","article-title":"Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grain with solubles fed to growing pigs","volume":"84","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7651433x","article-title":"Technical note: a technique for inserting a T-cannula into the distal ileum of pregnant sows","volume":"76","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668308416737","article-title":"A comparison of different drying techniques for energy and amino acid analyses of poultry excreta","volume":"24","author":"Wallis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00075","article-title":"A comparison of methods to determine amino acid availability of feedstuffs in cecectomized ganders","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90271-3","article-title":"The importance of the small intestine in gut ammonia production in the fasting dog","volume":"77","author":"Weber","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gasteron"},{"key":"2020022407194043700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4141\/A05-070","article-title":"Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller\u2019s dried grain with solubles: digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs","volume":"87","author":"Widyaratne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa026\/32471149\/skaa026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/2\/skaa026\/32618011\/skaa026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/2\/skaa026\/32618011\/skaa026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T12:20:17Z","timestamp":1582546817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa026\/5717183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"article-number":"skaa026"}}