{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:23:42Z","timestamp":1791919422048,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QYZDY-SSWSMC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDY-SSWSMC008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program","award":["2016YFD0501201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0501201"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation","award":["2017JJ1020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017JJ1020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fifty-six piglets (6.26 \u00b1 0.64 kg BW) were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to one of the eight dietary treatments with seven replicate pens for a 14-d experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 \u00d7 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0% and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na + K \u2212 Cl mEq\/kg of the diet; \u221250, 100, 250, and 400 mEq\/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering the contents of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. An interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between dEB and CA in diarrhea score and the number of goblet cell in jejunum were observed. Ileum pH significantly decreased in weaned piglets fed 250 mEq\/kg dEB diet compared with those fed \u221250 and 400 mEq\/kg dEB diets (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Supplementation of 0.3% CA decreased the number of goblet cell in the ileal crypt (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and the relative mRNA expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), zona occludens-1, and Claudin-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Increasing dEB values increased the number of goblet cells in the jejunal crypt (P &amp;lt; 0.05). A 250-mEq\/kg dEB diet decreased the relative mRNA expression of IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than 100-mEq\/kg dEB diet. The interaction between dEB and CA on the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and Saccharibacteria was observed (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Supplementation of 0.3% CA increased relative abundances of and Streptococcus hyointestinalis. Piglets fed 250-mEq\/kg diet increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus rennini, and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Veillonella, Actinobacillus minor, and Escherichia\u2013Shigella.In conclusion, supplementation of 0.3% CA resulted in differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, ion transporters, and tight junction proteins, and changes in the microbial community composition. A 250-mEq\/kg dEB diet reduced gastrointestinal pH and promoted the enrichment of beneficial microbes in the gut microbiota, thereby suppressing inflammation and harmful bacteria. However, the addition of CA to diets with different dEB values did not promote intestinal function in weaned piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:25:21Z","timestamp":1586229921000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on the intestinal function of weaned piglets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yirui","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiye","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1164-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huansheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071514424074600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695281","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/695281","article-title":"The importance of the ionic product for water to understand the physiology of the acid-base balance in humans","volume":"2014","author":"Adeva-Andany","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. 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