{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1772002723766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Methods have been developed to measure the effectiveness of many roughages, but few evaluations have been conducted with tropical feeds. The objectives of this research were to determine the effectiveness of roughage sources based on bioassay and laboratory methods and identify the biological attributes of the diets that correlate with these methods. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 \u00b1 12 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to a 6 \u00d7 6 Latin square design within six diets: negative control diet (NC) with aNDF as 10% from corn silage (CS); positive control diet (PC) with aNDF as 20% from CS; and four diets containing 10% aNDF from CS and 10% aNDF from each of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). Physical effectiveness factor (pef, related to the physical characteristics of aNDF) and effectiveness factor (ef, related to the ruminal pH) were determined based on a linear model approach that uses a bioassay method in which CS aNDF was assumed to be the standard fiber source. Laboratory methods to estimate pef of roughage sources were based on the proportion of DM of roughage retained on a 1.18-mm sieve pef(&amp;gt;1.18 mm) or retained on the 8.0-mm Penn State Particle Separator screen pef(&amp;gt;8.0 mm). The pef calculated by the bioassay method (total chewing time and ruminal mat resistance) for CS, SCB, and SC were higher values (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with SH and LOCH. The pef(rumen mat) of SC and SCB were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than that of CS, SH, and LOCH. The pef(rumen mat) of LOCH was 61% higher than SH. The ef(rumen pH) of SC and LOCH was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than CS and SH. The pef(chewing, min\/d), pef(chewing, min\/kg of DM), pef(rumen mat), and ef(rumen pH) positively correlated with rumination time, total chewing time, and ruminal mat resistance (values from transit time in seconds). No correlation was observed (P &amp;gt; 0.05) between pef(&amp;gt;8.0 mm) and rumination time, chewing time, and ruminal pH. The pef calculated using the bioassay method as well as pef (&amp;gt;8.0 mm) were negatively correlated with rumen pH (P &amp;gt; 0.05). The values of the effectiveness of fiber sources obtained in this research can be used as a guideline for nutritionists aiming to replace roughage sources from tropical regions in beef cattle finishing diets. Under our conditions, the pef using the bioassay method or laboratory methods were not adequate in predicting ruminal pH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T14:18:03Z","timestamp":1589033883000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets: Comparison of methods to measure the effectiveness of fiber"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4961-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo S","family":"Goulart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Pirassununga, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A M","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao L P","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael C","family":"Amaral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa P","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio G","family":"Toledo Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward H","family":"Cabezas-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1883-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis O","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Gustavo","family":"Nussio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071514430041100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76071-5","article-title":"Measuring the effectiveness of fiber by animal response trials","volume":"80","author":"Armentano","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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