{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:26:45Z","timestamp":1777116405289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A study was conducted to determine effects of reducing hindgut pH through dietary inclusion of high-amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on growth performance, organ weights relative to live body weight (BW), blood thyroid hormone levels, and glucosinolate degradation products of nursery pigs fed cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). A total of 240 pigs (initial BW: 7.1 kg), which had been weaned at 21 d of age, were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs per pen) and fed 4 diets (10 pens per diet) in a randomized complete block design for 28 d. Four diets were a basal diet with CPCC at 0 or 40%, and with HA-starch at 0 or 40% in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial arrangement. The diets were fed in two phases: Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 28 and were formulated to have the same net energy, standardized ileal digestible AA, Ca, and standardized total tract digestible P contents. Dietary inclusion of CPCC and HA-starch was achieved by a partial or complete replacement of corn, soybean meal, and soy protein. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen was euthanized to determine organ weights, blood parameters, hindgut pH, and glucosinolate degradation products. Dietary CPCC reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) by 15%; increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative weights of liver and thyroid gland by 27% and 64%, respectively; and reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) level from 30.3 to 17.8 ng\/mL. Heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract weights; serum triiodothyronine level; and hindgut pH of pigs were unaffected by dietary CPCC. Dietary HA-starch reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) overall ADG, relative weight of thyroid gland, cecal, and colonic pH; but increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative weight of colon; tended to increase (P = 0.062) serum T4 level. Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.024) on relative weight of thyroid gland such that dietary CPCC increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) weight of thyroid gland for HA-starch-free diet (120 vs. 197 mg\/kg of BW) but not for HA-starch-containing diet (104 vs. 130 mg\/kg of BW). Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.001) on cecal isothiocyanate content such that dietary CPCC increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) level of isothiocyanates for HA-starch-containing diet but not for HA-starch-free diet. In conclusion, dietary CPCC reduced growth performance, increased liver, size and interfered with thyroid gland functions of pigs. However, the negative effects of dietary CPCC on thyroid gland functions of nursery pigs were alleviated by dietary HA-starch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T13:05:22Z","timestamp":1586264722000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Toxicity of canola-derived glucosinolates in pigs fed resistant starch-based diets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jung W","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenggang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Seefeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Donkor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A","family":"Logue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tofuko A","family":"Woyengo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9708498","article-title":"Initial and final products, nitriles, and ascorbigens produced in myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of indole glucosinolates","volume":"46","author":"Agerbirk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0002","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2006","edition":"18th ed."},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0003","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2007","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(97)00064-7","article-title":"Recombinant porcine leptin reduces feed intake and stimulates growth hormone secretion in swine","volume":"15","author":"Barb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas93-075","article-title":"Factors affecting the nutritional value of canola meal: a review","volume":"73","author":"Bell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020796g","article-title":"Isolation and biochemical characterization of a basic myrosinase from ripe Crambe abyssinica seeds, highly specific for epi-progoitrin","volume":"51","author":"Bernardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6360-5","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in plasma by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (CI-GC-MS)","volume":"404","author":"Bhandari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507250433","article-title":"Two high-amylose maize starches with different amounts of resistant starch vary in their effects on fermentation, tissue and digesta mass accretion, and bacterial populations in the large bowel of pigs","volume":"97","author":"Bird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004325","article-title":"Resistant starch: promise for improving human health","volume":"4","author":"Birt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.02.024","article-title":"The enzymic and chemically induced decomposition of glucosinolates","volume":"67","author":"Bones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970449k","article-title":"Enzymatic, chemical, and thermal breakdown of 3H-labeled glucobrassicin, the parent indole glucosinolate","volume":"45","author":"Chevolleau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.2.109","article-title":"Determination of goitrogenic metabolites in the serum of male wistar rat fed structurally different glucosinolates","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.811239x","article-title":"Effects of butyrate on apoptosis in the pig colon and its consequences for skatole formation and tissue accumulation","volume":"81","author":"Claus","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0014","article-title":"Glucosinolate analysis of rapeseed (canola)","volume-title":"Method of the Grain Research Laboratory","author":"Daun","year":"1981"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(99)00092-5","article-title":"Nutrient utilization in rats and pigs fed enzyme resistant starch","volume":"19","author":"De Schrijver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutr. Res"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10589.x","article-title":"Formation of allyl isothiocyanate from sinigrin in the digestive tract of rats monoassociated with a human colonic strain of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"197","author":"Elfoul","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00316-2","article-title":"The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants","volume":"56","author":"Fahey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv110","article-title":"Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism","volume":"74","author":"Felker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.214353","article-title":"High amylose starch with low in vitro digestibility stimulates hindgut fermentation and has a bifidogenic effect in Weaned Pigs","volume":"145","author":"Fouhse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.03.136","article-title":"Non-enzymatic transformations of dietary 2-hydroxyalkenyl and aromatic glucosinolates in the stomach of monogastrics","volume":"291","author":"Frandsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000736f","article-title":"Preparation and biological activity of four epiprogoitrin myrosinase-derived products","volume":"49","author":"Galletti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204830p","article-title":"Thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and model systems","volume":"60","author":"Hanschen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022507300374","article-title":"Glucosinolates in the human diet. Bioavailability and implications for health","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970072","article-title":"The energy value of short-chain fatty acids infused into the caecum of pigs","volume":"77","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)00122-5","article-title":"Modulation of glutathione S-transferase activity and isozyme pattern in liver and small intestine of rats fed goitrin- and T3-supplemented diets","volume":"33","author":"Kelley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00270.x","article-title":"The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review","volume":"8","author":"Klok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. Rev"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607189013002109","article-title":"Stimulation of intestinal mucosal growth with intracolonic infusion of short-chain fatty acids","volume":"13","author":"Kripke","year":"1989","journal-title":"JPEN. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0100","author":"Lee","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0028","first-page":"4704","article-title":"Growth performance, organ weights, and blood parameters of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of cold-pressed canola cake","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.01.073","article-title":"Growth performance and nitrogen metabolism in weaned pigs fed diets containing different sources of starch","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10408340903535315","article-title":"The analysis of cyanide and its breakdown products in biological samples","volume":"40","author":"Logue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.1.134","article-title":"Consumption of raw potato starch increases colon length and fecal excretion of purine bases in growing pigs","volume":"133","author":"Martinez-Puig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010809a","article-title":"Comparison of the bioactivity of two glucoraphanin hydrolysis products found in broccoli, sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile","volume":"49","author":"Matusheski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0525277","article-title":"Epithiospecifier protein from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. italica) inhibits formation of the anticancer agent sulforaphane","volume":"54","author":"Matusheski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14329.x","article-title":"Infrared processing of dry pea, canola and canola screenings","volume":"57","author":"McCurdy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Food Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199605000-00022","article-title":"Effect of resistant and digestible starch on intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, and zinc in infant pigs","volume":"39","author":"Morais","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.02.005","article-title":"Intestinal feedback signaling and satiety","volume":"105","author":"Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0037","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11th rev. ed"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00157-3","article-title":"Dietary influence on organ size and in vitro oxygen consumption by visceral organs of growing pigs","volume":"65","author":"Nyachoti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.132449","article-title":"Starch with high amylose and lower in vitro digestibility increases short-chain fatty acid absorption, reduces peak insulin secretion, and modulates incretin secretion in pigs","volume":"141","author":"Regmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x","article-title":"Resistant starch\u2014a review","volume":"5","author":"Sajilata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(199705)74:1<69::AID-JSFA771>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Rapeseed meal, methimazole, thiocyanate and iodine affect growth and thyroid. Investigations into glucosinolate tolerance in the pig","volume":"74","author":"Sch\u00f6ne","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970211","article-title":"Counteracting the negative effects of rapeseed and rapeseed press cake in pig diets","volume":"78","author":"Sch\u00f6ne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12225","DOI":"10.1021\/jf302117x","article-title":"Low-fiber canola. Part 1. Chemical and nutritive composition of the meal","volume":"60","author":"Slominski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2010.490489","article-title":"Determination of glucosinolates and their decomposition products-indoles and isothiocyanates in cruciferous vegetables","volume":"40","author":"\u015amiechowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114001116","article-title":"Effects of resistant starch on behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in growing pigs","volume":"8","author":"Souza da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0046","first-page":"BR189","article-title":"Effects of cruciferous allyl nitrile on phase 2 antioxidant and detoxification enzymes","volume":"14","author":"Tanii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.12.010","article-title":"Preconditioning with subneurotoxic allyl nitrile: protection against allyl nitrile neurotoxicity","volume":"48","author":"Tanii","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.4.1688","article-title":"Study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of Arabidopsis to microbial pathogens","volume":"125","author":"Tierens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0049","first-page":"2735","article-title":"Effects of pH and ferrous ion on the degradation of glucosinolates by myrosinase","author":"Uda","year":"1986"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2637002100","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein- coupled receptor GPR41","volume":"101","author":"Xiong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"2020071514424134000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0311","article-title":"Quantitative determination of isothiocyanates, dithiocarbamates, carbon disulfide, and related thiocarbonyl compounds by cyclocondensation with 1,2-benzenedithiol","volume":"239","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa111\/33020115\/skaa111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/5\/skaa111\/33499761\/skaa111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/5\/skaa111\/33499761\/skaa111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T19:02:11Z","timestamp":1594839731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa111\/5817019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"article-number":"skaa111"}}