{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:23Z","timestamp":1787009063804,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,24]],"date-time":"2020-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014729","name":"PMI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Feed has been shown to be a vector for viral transmission. Four experiments were conducted to: 1) determine if medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are effective mitigants when applied to feed both pre- and post-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculation measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 2) evaluate varying levels and combinations of MCFA measured by qRT-PCR, and 3) evaluate selected treatments in bioassay to determine infectivity. In exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 \u00d7 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of treatment (0.3% commercial formaldehyde [CF] product, Sal CURB [Kemin Industries, Inc.; Des Moines, IA], or 1% MCFA blend (Blend) of 1:1:1 C6:C8:C10 [PMI, Arden Hills, MN]) and timing of application (pre- or post-inoculation with PEDV) plus a positive control (PC; feed inoculated with PEDV and no treatment). All combinations of treatment and timing decreased detectable PEDV compared with the PC (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Pre-inoculation treatment elicited decreased magnitude of PEDV detection (cycle threshold value) compared with post-inoculation (P = 0.009). Magnitude of PEDV detection was decreased for CF compared with Blend (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In exp. 2, pre-inoculation treatments consisted of: 1) PC, 2) 0.3% CF, 3 to 5) 0.125% to 0.33% C6:0, 6 to 8) 0.125% to 0.33% C8:0, 9 to 11) 0.125% to 0.33% C10:0, and 12 to 15) 0.125% to 0.66% C5:0. Treating feed with 0.33% C8:0 resulted in decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) PEDV detection compared with all other treatments. Increasing concentration of each individual MCFA decreased PEDV detectability (P &amp;lt; 0.042). In exp. 3, pre-inoculation treatments consisted of: 1) PC, 2) 0.3% CF, 3 to 7) 0.25% to 1% Blend, 8 to 10) 0.125% to 0.33% C6:0 + C8:0, 11 to 13) 0.125% to 0.33% C6:0 + C10:0, and 14 to 16) 0.125% to 0.33% C8:0 + C10:0. Treating feed with CF, 0.5% Blend, 0.75% Blend, 1% Blend, all levels of C6:0+C8:0, 0.25% C6:0 + 0.25% C10:0, 0.33% C6:0 + 0.33% C10:0, 0.25% C8:0 + 0.25% C10:0, or 0.33% C8:0 + 0.33% C10:0 elicited decreased detection of PEDV compared with PC (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Increasing concentration of each MCFA combination decreased PEDV detectability (linear, P &amp;lt; 0.012). In exp. 4, feed was treated pre-inoculation with: 1) no treatment (PC), 2) 0.3% CF, 3) 0.5% Blend, or 4) 0.3% C8:0 and analyzed via qRT-PCR and bioassay. Adding 0.5% Blend or 0.3% C8:0 resulted in decreased PEDV compared with PC and only PC resulted in a positive bioassay. Therefore, MCFA can decrease detection of PEDV in feed. Further, inclusion of lower levels of MCFA than previously evaluated are effective against PEDV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,24]],"date-time":"2020-05-24T12:49:50Z","timestamp":1590324590000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of medium chain fatty acids as a mitigation or prevention strategy against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feed"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Annie B","family":"Lerner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pipestone Grow Finish, Pipestone, 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M","family":"DeRouchey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike D","family":"Tokach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Goodband","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfa","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 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Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Bass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PMI, Arden Hills, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Karnezos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PMI, Arden Hills, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"de Rodas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PMI, Arden Hills, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, 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