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Ten ruminally cannulated steers (n = 8; 461 \u00b1 148 kg of body weight [BW]; average BW \u00b1 SD) and heifers (n = 2; 337 \u00b1 74 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments as follows: 1) 2.7 g\/kg of BW of molasses (NCTRL), 2) NCTRL + 182 mg\/kg of BW of urea (U), 3) U + 58.4 mg\/kg of BW of BSS (UB), 4) NCTRL + 538 mg\/kg of BW of eCAN (NIT), and 5) NIT + 58.4 mg\/kg of BW of BSS (NITB). With the exception of NCTRL, all treatments were isonitrogenous. Beginning on day 14 of each period, ruminal fluid was collected and rectal temperature was recorded 4\u00d7 per day for 3 d to determine ruminal changes every 2 h from 0 to 22 h post-feeding. Ruminal gas cap samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h on day 0 of each period followed by 0 h on days 1, 2, 3, and 14. Microbial N flow was determined using Cr-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, YbCl3, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber for liquid, small particle, and large particle phases, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) inclusion, NPN source, BSS, and NPN source \u00d7 BSS. There was no treatment effect (P &amp;gt; 0.05) on concentrations of H2S on day 0, 1, 2, or 14; however, on day 3, concentrations of H2S were reduced (P = 0.018) when NPN was provided. No effect of treatment (P = 0.864) occurred for ruminal pH. There was an effect of NPN source on total concentrations of VFA (P = 0.011), where a 6% reduction occurred when eCAN was provided. There were effects of NPN (P = 0.001) and NPN source (P = 0.009) on the concentration of NH3-N, where cattle consuming NPN had a greater concentration than those not consuming NPN, and eCAN reduced the concentration compared with urea. Total concentrations of VFA and NH3-N were not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05) by BSS. There was an effect of BSS (P = 0.009) on rectal temperature, where cattle not consuming BSS had greater temperatures than those receiving BSS. No differences for NPN, NPN source, nor BSS (P &amp;gt; 0.05) were observed for microbial N flow. In conclusion, eCAN does not appear to deliver equivalent ruminal fermentation parameters compared with urea, and BSS has limited effects on fermentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:34:18Z","timestamp":1594168458000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate on ruminal fermentation of beef cattle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7636-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren D","family":"Henry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine M","family":"Ciriaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael C","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRASP Ind. & Com. 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