{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:29:11Z","timestamp":1792794551502,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2014-1334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2014-1334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n","award":["PIUNT 26\/D645-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIUNT 26\/D645-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04chzd762","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nowadays, it is known that the urogenital microbiota plays a key role in the urinary health of mammalians. Despite the urinary infections affect the health and the welfare of breeding sows, the urethral microbiota of healthy sows remains unknown. Therefore, this work evaluates the urethral bacterial communities of healthy gilts and sows to determine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae populations, and the structure of this microbiota in gilts (G) and pregnant (P) sows. Samples were collected by scraping the urethral mucosa of G (n = 9) and P sows, which included natural mating (NM, n = 9) and artificial inseminated (AI, n = 7) sows. Samples were analyzed by culture-dependent techniques and 16S-rRNA gene high-throughput-sequencing. All females were positive for Enterobacteriaceae culture, without significant differences (Kruskal\u2013Wallis) between G and P groups (median values: 2.78 and 3.09 log CFU\/mL, respectively; P = 0.497). Also, the rate of Enterobacteriaceae\/total mesophilic microorganisms was individually calculated, without significant differences between G and P sows (median values: 0.61 and 0.66, respectively; P = 0.497). When analyzing the bacterial communities, it was found similar richness in G, NM, and AI; however, diversity was lower in P sows than G (Mann Whitney\/Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The dominating phyla that constituted a \u201ccore microbiome\u201d included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, which were common for all the studied females. The relative abundance for phyla, families, and genera was estimated, and Firmicutes was significantly higher in NM than AI sows (P = 0.02, Mann\u2013Whitney\/Kruskal Wallis test for univariate statistical comparisons); Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were higher in AI than in NM (Mann\u2013Whitney\/Kruskal\u2013Wallis, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas were among the dominant genera; however, only Pseudomonas sp. was significantly higher in AI than NM (Mann\u2013Whitney\/Kruskal\u2013Wallis, P = 0.006). The results represent the first evidence about the existence of a urethral microbiota that includes Enterobacteriaceae, as well as the patterns of this microbiota in G and P sows. The knowledge of this urethral microbiota might allow for future research to develop innovative protocols to restore and\/or preserve the healthy ecology of the urinary microbiome to prevent diseases ensuring the welfare of breeding sows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T15:35:39Z","timestamp":1597073739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bacterial communities associated to the urethra of healthy gilts and pregnant sows undergoing different reproductive protocols"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Torres Luque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Francisco D. Barbieri\u201d, Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agropecuaria Famaill\u00e1 INTA, Famaill\u00e1, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio E","family":"Pasteris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Francisco D. Barbieri\u201d, Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una filiera agro-alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona-Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier S","family":"Cocconcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una filiera agro-alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona-Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda C","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Francisco D. Barbieri\u201d, Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020090208221652300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1875036201307010001","article-title":"Comparison of sequencing utility programs","volume":"7","author":"Aronesty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Bioinforma. J"},{"key":"2020090208221652300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.12.14","article-title":"Questions and challenges associated with studying the microbiome of the urinary tract","volume":"5","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. 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