{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:03:44Z","timestamp":1781478224104,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002715","name":"Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002715","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>High grain diets are fed to finishing beef cattle to maximize animal performance in a cost-effective manner. However, a small amount of roughage is incorporated in finishing diets to help prevent ruminal acidosis, although few studies have examined optimum roughage inclusion level in barley-based diets. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of roughage proportion in barley-based finishing diets on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Crossbred beef steers (n = 160; mean body weight \u00b1 SD, 349.7 \u00b1 21.4 kg) were allocated to 20 pens that were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments (five pens of eight steers per treatment). The treatment diets contained barley silage at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of dietary dry matter (DM). The remainder of the diets (DM basis) consisted of 80%, 76%, 72%, and 68% barley grain, respectively, 15% corn dried distiller\u2019s grains, 5% mineral and vitamin supplement, and 32 mg monensin\/kg diet DM. The diets were fed as total mixed rations for ad libitum intake (minimum of 5% refusal) once per day. Cattle were weighed on 2 consecutive days at the start and end of the experiment and on 1 d every 3 wk throughout the experiment (124 d). Two pens for each treatment group were equipped with an electronic feeding system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary, Alberta) to monitor feed intake and feeding behavior of individual cattle. The data for dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, and carcass traits were analyzed as a completely randomized design with fixed effect of barley silage proportion and pen replicate as experimental unit. Feeding behavior data were analyzed similarly, but with animal as experimental unit. Averaged over the study, DMI increased linearly (11.1, 11.3, 11.7, 11.8 kg\/d; P = 0.001) as barley silage proportion increased from 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of DM, but ADG was not affected (carcass-adjusted,1.90, 1.85, 1.87, 1.89 kg\/d; P \u2265 0.30). Consequently, G:F ratio decreased linearly (carcass-adjusted, 168.9, 163.8, 158.5, 160.6 g\/kg DMI; P = 0.023). When averaged over the study, proportion of barley silage in the diet had no linear or quadratic effects (P &amp;gt; 0.10) on meal frequency, duration of meals, intermeal duration, or meal size, but eating rate decreased linearly with increasing silage proportion (P = 0.008). There was no diet effect on liver abscesses (P \u2265 0.92), and effects on carcass characteristics were minor or nonexistent. We conclude that increasing the proportion of barley silage in a feedlot finishing diet at the expense of barley grain to minimize the incidence of ruminal acidosis may decrease feed conversion efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T18:07:33Z","timestamp":1600279653000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optimum roughage proportion in barley-based feedlot cattle diets: growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Karen M","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwinyai E","family":"Chibisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory B","family":"Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Beauchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0001","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC","year":"2016","edition":"20th ed"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13706","article-title":"Invited review: current perspectives on eating and rumination activity in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Beauchemin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1975.402207x","article-title":"Tylosin and chloretetracycline for the prevention of liver abscesses, improved weight gains and feed efficiency in feedlot cattle","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0005","volume-title":"CCAC guidelines on: the care and use of farm animals in research, teaching and testing","author":"Canadian Council on Animal Care","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0006","author":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","year":"2016"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7599","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing","volume":"92","author":"Castillo-Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa160","article-title":"Optimum forage proportion in barley-based feedlot cattle diets: total-tract nutrient digestibility, rumination, ruminal acidosis, short-chain fatty absorption, and gastrointestinal tract barrier function","volume":"98","author":"Chibisa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0428","article-title":"Current situation and future trends for beef production in the United States of America - a review","volume":"31","author":"Drouillard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0010","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Application of physically effective fiber in diets for feedlot cattle","author":"Fox","year":"2002"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0011","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Effects of roughage source and level on intake by feedlot cattle","volume":"81","author":"Galyean","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4141\/A02-061","article-title":"Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle","volume":"83","author":"Galyean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016-0734","article-title":"Effects of roughage inclusion and particle size on performance and rumination behavior of finishing beef steers","volume":"94","author":"Gentry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4141\/A98-032","article-title":"Bunk attendance of feedlot cattle monitored with radio frequency technology","volume":"78","author":"Gibb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas2010-039","article-title":"Optimum extent of barley grain processing and barley silage proportion in feedlot cattle diets: growth, feed efficiency, and fecal characteristics","volume":"91","author":"Koenig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5651","article-title":"Ammonia emissions and performance of backgrounding and finishing beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration and rumen degradability","volume":"91","author":"Koenig","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12001","article-title":"Glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactating Holstein cows","volume":"100","author":"Kvidera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76442-1","article-title":"A simple method for the analysis of particle sizes of forage and total mixed rations","volume":"79","author":"Lammers","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.6451548x","article-title":"Predicting intake and digestibility using mathematical models of ruminal function","volume":"64","author":"Mertens","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.005","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of rumen acidosis and bloat in feedlots","volume":"33","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.04.002","article-title":"Acidosis in feedlot cattle","volume":"23","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0023","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of beef cattle","author":"NASEM","year":"2016","edition":"8th ed."},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2000.00218812007700ES0034x","article-title":"A review of the impact of feedlot management and nutrition on carcass measurements","volume":"77","author":"Owens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy130","article-title":"Can net energy values be determined from animal performance measurements? A review of factors affecting application of the California Net Energy System","volume":"3","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753868x","article-title":"The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"75","author":"Owens","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx049","article-title":"Effect of ruminal acidosis and short-term low feed intake on indicators of gastrointestinal barrier function in Holstein steers","volume":"96","author":"Pederzolli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2018-0018","article-title":"Comparative effects of grain source on digestion characteristics of finishing diets for feedlot cattle: steam-flaked corn, barley, wheat, and oats","volume":"98","author":"Plascencia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas78-040","article-title":"Effects of dietary roughage level on the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of bulls and steers","volume":"58","author":"Price","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.15232\/pas.2014-01364","article-title":"Control of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"31","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5954","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6156","article-title":"Relationship among performance, carcass, and feed efficiency characteristics, and their ability to predict economic value in the feedlot","volume":"91","author":"Retallick","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5350","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016-0875","article-title":"Effects of dietary urea concentration and zilpaterol hydrochloride on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers","volume":"94","author":"Samuelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00009-6","article-title":"Relationships between bunk attendance, intake and performance of steers and heifers on varying feeding regimes","volume":"76","author":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0036","first-page":"E149","article-title":"Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: a review","volume":"81","author":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.4.792","article-title":"Relative contributions of acetate, lactate and glucose to lipogenesis in bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"114","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.68103441x","article-title":"Effects of grain type, roughage level and monensin level on finishing cattle performance","volume":"68","author":"Stock","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1859","article-title":"Manipulating grain processing method and roughage level to improve feed efficiency in feedlot cattle","volume":"88","author":"Turgeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72345-1","article-title":"Increasing the physically effective fiber content of dairy cow diets may lower efficiency of feed use","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7651280x","article-title":"An evaluation of ruminally degradable intake protein and metabolizable amino acid requirements of feedlot calves","volume":"76","author":"Zinn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020103115305470300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.8051145x","article-title":"Flaking corn: processing mechanics, quality standards, and impacts on energy availability and performance of feedlot cattle","volume":"80","author":"Zinn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa299\/33754222\/skaa299.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/10\/skaa299\/34082622\/skaa299.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/10\/skaa299\/34082622\/skaa299.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T19:31:03Z","timestamp":1604172663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa299\/5906579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"article-number":"skaa299"}}