{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:23:39Z","timestamp":1791015819506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001584","name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018US-IRL200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018US-IRL200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated 1) the effect of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and associated lung consolidations on growth performance and hematological profiles of recently weaned beef calves and 2) the relationship between clinical respiratory signs and lung consolidation detected by thoracic ultrasonography (TUS). One hundred and fifty-three weaned beef calves (209 days old [SD: 35.8] and 306 kg [SD: 26.3], at arrival) purchased and transported from auction markets were accommodated indoors in concrete slatted floor pens. Calves were weighed weekly from arrival until day 28 and on day 65 post-arrival. Assessment of BRD and blood sample collection for hematological profiles were performed on scheduled days (at arrival, on days 7, 14, and 28) and on other days upon BRD diagnosis. Animals were assessed for BRD using a total clinical respiratory score (CRS) of five clinical signs (rectal temperature, ear position, cough, nasal secretion, and eye secretion with each ranging from normal [0] to abnormal [3]) and TUS scores (normal [0] to lung consolidation \u2265 1 cm2 [2]). Based on CRS, 35% of calves were CRS+ (CRS \u2265 5) and 65% were CRS\u2212 (CRS &amp;lt; 5). Although no lung consolidations (TUS\u2212) were detected at arrival, 34% of calves developed lung consolidation (\u22651 cm2) (TUS+) during the first 28 d post-arrival. Only fever (&amp;gt;39.6 \u00b0C) and nasal discharge were weakly associated (r = 0.19, P &amp;lt;0.05) with lung consolidation. On the day of BRD detection, neutrophil number and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were 58% and 73% greater, respectively, in BRD calves with lung consolidation compared with healthy calves. From day 0 to 65, calf average daily gain (ADG) did not differ (P &amp;gt;0.05) between CRS+ and CRS\u2212 calves but was 0.09 kg\/d lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for TUS+ compared with TUS\u2212 calves. Calves classified as BRD (CRS + TUS \u2265 5) with lung consolidation had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ADG from arrival until day 28 than healthy calves and BRD calves without lung consolidation (0.11 \u00b1 0.10 vs. 0.53 \u00b1 0.07 vs. 0.57 \u00b1 0.10 kg\/d, respectively); however, no differences in ADG were observed from day 0 to 65. Conventional methods to diagnose BRD failed to detect calves with lung lesions. TUS is a useful tool to detect lung lesions and its implementation in combination with CRS should provide a more accurate and early diagnosis of BRD, which is fundamental to successful treatment, animal welfare, and growth performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T12:10:39Z","timestamp":1603455039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Growth performance and hematological changes of weaned beef calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Cuevas-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cormican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"O\u2019Riordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"McDaneld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Earley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0001","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic utility of ultrasonography at first diagnosis of presumptive bovine respiratory disease","volume":"76","author":"Abutarbush","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2018-01836","article-title":"Comparison of treatment protocols for bovine respiratory disease in high-risk, newly received beef calves","volume":"35","author":"Ball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz107","article-title":"Performance of multiple diagnostic methods in assessing the progression of bovine respiratory disease in calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and Mannheimia haemolytica1","volume":"97","author":"Baruch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa005","article-title":"An evaluation of the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on animal performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes in feedlot cattle defined using four BRD diagnosis methods","volume":"98","author":"Blakebrough-Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15257","article-title":"Inter-rater agreement and reliability of thoracic ultrasonographic findings in feedlot calves, with or without naturally occurring bronchopneumonia","volume":"32","author":"Buczinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14361","article-title":"Incremental value (Bayesian framework) of thoracic ultrasonography over thoracic auscultation for diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in preweaned dairy calves","volume":"30","author":"Buczinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.02.018","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of the accuracy of the calf respiratory scoring chart and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves","volume":"119","author":"Buczinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2005","article-title":"Effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent infection with Mannheimia haemolytica on clinical signs and immune variables: model for bovine respiratory disease via viral and bacterial interaction","volume":"88","author":"Burciaga-Robles","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.2.300","article-title":"Evaluation of economic and performance outcomes associated with the number of treatments after an initial diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in commercial feeder cattle","volume":"74","author":"Cernicchiaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4322","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15420","article-title":"Growth of preweaned, group-housed dairy calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using clinical respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasound\u2013a cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Cramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0189090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189090","article-title":"Linking disease epidemiology and livestock productivity: the case of bovine respiratory disease in France","volume":"12","author":"Delabouglise","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5404","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13870","article-title":"The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves","volume":"101","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116001622","article-title":"Invited Review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease","volume":"11","author":"Earley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100407","article-title":"Lung pathology and infectious agents in fatal feedlot pneumonias and relationship with mortality, disease onset, and treatments","volume":"21","author":"Fulton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.03.001","article-title":"Population-level effects of risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle","volume":"140","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.098186","article-title":"Lung development: orchestrating the generation and regeneration of a complex organ","volume":"141","author":"Herriges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(00)00072-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of reduced and compensatory growth","volume":"19","author":"Hornick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1515\/ijafr-2016-0016","article-title":"Electronic feeding behavioural data as indicators of health status in dairy calves","volume":"55","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Irish J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.01.015","article-title":"The relationship between clinical signs of respiratory system disorders and lung lesions at slaughter in veal calves","volume":"105","author":"Leruste","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3900-x","article-title":"Complete blood count data and leukocyte expression of cytokine genes and cytokine receptor genes associated with bovine respiratory disease in calves","volume":"11","author":"Lindholm-Perry","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.238","article-title":"Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves","volume":"2","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-37","article-title":"Characterisation of physiological and immunological responses in beef cows to abrupt weaning and subsequent housing","volume":"6","author":"Lynch","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0023","first-page":"161","article-title":"Effect of post-weaning management practices on physiological and immunological responses of weaned beef calves","volume":"50","author":"Lynch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Irish J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7329","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15474","article-title":"Development of a clinical scoring system for bovine respiratory disease in weaned dairy calves","volume":"102","author":"Maier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of concentrate feeding level in winter and turnout date to pasture in spring on biological and economical performance of weanling cattle in suckler beef production systems","volume":"53","author":"McGee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Irish J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252314000267","article-title":"Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system","volume":"15","author":"McGuirk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716674757","article-title":"Pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in Ireland","volume":"29","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.09.001","article-title":"On-farm use of ultrasonography for bovine respiratory disease","volume":"32","author":"Ollivett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13605","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasonography and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in Holstein calves with subclinical lung lesions","volume":"29","author":"Ollivett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.001","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathology of bovine pneumonia","volume":"26","author":"Panciera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic thoracic ultrasonography in acute bovine respiratory disease of feedlot steers: impact of lung consolidation on diagnosis and prognosis in a case-control study","volume-title":"Bovine Pract","author":"Rademacher","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.7.1035","article-title":"Association of hematologic variables and castration status at the time of arrival at a research facility with the risk of bovine respiratory disease in beef calves","volume":"243","author":"Richeson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638714546490","article-title":"Hematology as a diagnostic tool in bovine medicine","volume":"26","author":"Roland","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0034","first-page":"373","article-title":"Risk factors for initial respiratory disease in United States\u2019 feedlots based on producer-collected daily morbidity counts","volume":"49","author":"Sanderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0035","first-page":"1095","article-title":"The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: what is the evidence for predisposing factors?","volume":"51","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12016","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound assessment of lung consolidation at weaning in Holstein dairy heifers: reproductive performance and survival","volume":"100","author":"Teixeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.842488x","article-title":"Use of treatment records and lung lesion scoring to estimate the effect of respiratory disease on growth during early and late finishing periods in South African feedlot cattle","volume":"84","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15483","article-title":"Association of lung lesions measured by thoracic ultrasonography at first diagnosis of bronchopneumonia with relapse rate and growth performance in feedlot cattle","volume":"33","author":"Timsit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0039","first-page":"2170","article-title":"Best management practices for newly weaned calves for improved health and well-being","volume":"95","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.04.814","article-title":"Relationships among treatment for respiratory tract disease, pulmonary lesions evident at slaughter, and rate of weight gain in feedlot cattle","volume":"209","author":"Wittum","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-8030","article-title":"Feeding behavior as an early predictor of bovine respiratory disease in North American feedlot systems","volume":"93","author":"Wolfger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.05.005","article-title":"A systematic review of bovine respiratory disease diagnosis focused on diagnostic confirmation, early detection, and prediction of unfavorable outcomes in feedlot cattle","volume":"31","author":"Wolfger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2020112709564151000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25786","article-title":"Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor","volume":"555","author":"Zacharias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa345\/33996124\/skaa345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/11\/skaa345\/34559287\/skaa345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/98\/11\/skaa345\/34559287\/skaa345.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T06:11:37Z","timestamp":1723788697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa345\/5936636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"article-number":"skaa345"}}