{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1781144816862,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The sow at parturition is challenged with respect to energy status due to increases in energetic expenses associated with 1) nest building 2) uterine contractions, and 3) colostrum production. A previous study indicated that sows were depleted of glucogenic energy around farrowing. The aim was to investigate whether intravenous infusion of glucose from observed nest-building behavior to 24 h postpartum affected the farrowing kinetics and colostrum production in sows. Ten multiparous sows (DanBred landrace \u00d7 DanBred Yorkshire) were fitted with a jugular vein catheter on each side (one for infusion and the other one for blood sampling). Sows were infused with either 0.9% saline (CON; n = 5) or 10% glucose (GLU; n = 5) solution at a constant rate of 125 mL\/h. From day 108 of gestation, sows were fed once daily with 3.33 kg of a standard lactation diet. During farrowing, sows were monitored to register the onset of farrowing, time of birth, birth status (live or dead), sex, stillbirth rate (SR), and weight of newborn piglets. Farrowing assistance (FA) was provided when the birth interval exceeded 60 min. In late gestation, 1 mL of blood was collected every third hour for blood gas analysis and every sixth hour for harvesting plasma. During farrowing, 1 mL (for blood gas) and 9 mL of blood were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 h in milk (HIM). Colostrum and milk samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 HIM and also at 3, 10, 17, and 24 d in milk. Compared with CON sows, GLU infusion decreased the SR (16.1% vs. 7.4%; P = 0.03), FA (21% vs. 9.0%; P = 0.01), and surprisingly also blood glucose at the onset of farrowing (5.53 vs. 5.09 mmol\/L; P = 0.03), respectively. A tendency to higher plasma lactate at the onset of farrowing (P = 0.05) but decreased piglet survival from 0 to 24 h (P = 0.06) was also found for GLU sows. No effects of treatment on farrowing duration or mean birth intervals were found. Lactate in whole blood (P = 0.003) and plasma (P = 0.002) was increased for GLU sows as compared with CON sows during the colostrum period. No effect of GLU infusion was seen on colostrum and milk composition and yield. The increase in lactate was most likely due to a shift toward a greater proportion of glucose oxidation and insufficient O2 supply to fuel uterine contractions. In conclusion, infusion of glucose reduced the frequency of SR and FA, and improved energy status of the sow which seems to be crucial to enhance total piglet survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T16:13:15Z","timestamp":1620058395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intravenous infusion of glucose improved farrowing performance of hyperprolific crossbred sows"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Signe E","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takele","family":"Feyera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid J W","family":"Skovmose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Krogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eskildsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K","family":"Theil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.01.007","article-title":"Perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology in pig and human: a review","volume":"90","author":"Alonso-Spilsbury","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.01.024","article-title":"Piglets\u2019 colostrum intake associates with daily weight gain and survival until weaning","volume":"162","author":"Decaluwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.03.017","article-title":"Factors affecting duration of the expulsive stage of parturition and piglet birth intervals in sows with uncomplicated, spontaneous farrowings","volume":"64","author":"van Dijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas81-003","article-title":"Factors influencing, and repeatability of the duration of farrowing in Yorkshire sows","volume":"61","author":"Fahmy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1203","article-title":"Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental effects on colostrum in sows","volume":"87","author":"Farmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky141","article-title":"Impact of sow energy status during farrowing on farrowing kinetics, frequency of stillborn piglets, and farrowing assistance","volume":"96","author":"Feyera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky395","article-title":"Mammary metabolism and colostrogenesis in sows during late gestation and the colostral period","volume":"97","author":"Feyera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0008","first-page":"697","article-title":"Cesarean section in the sow: a retrospective analysis of litter size and stillbirth rate","volume":"31","author":"Friendship","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa066","article-title":"Effects of timing and size of meals prior to farrowing on sow and litter performance","volume":"4","author":"Gourley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0010","author":"Hansen","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4788","article-title":"Predicting milk yield and composition in lactating sows: a Bayesian approach","volume":"90","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.7492067x","article-title":"Effects of the level of asphyxia during delivery on viability at birth and early postnatal vitality of newborn pigs","volume":"74","author":"Herpin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0013","volume-title":"Mammary plasma flow, mammary nutrient uptake and the production of colostrum and milk in high-prolific sows-impact of dietary arginine, fiber and fat","author":"Krogh","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116002585","article-title":"Impact of fat source and dietary fibers on feed intake, plasma metabolites, litter gain and the yield and composition of milk in sows","volume":"11","author":"Krogh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0040","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859605005642","article-title":"Nutritional and immunological importance of colostrum for the new-born pig","volume":"143","author":"Le Dividich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0017","volume-title":"SAS system for mixed models","author":"Littell","year":"1996"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(93)90041-F","article-title":"Energy-cost of standing activity in sows","volume":"34","author":"Noblet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.12.009","article-title":"Environmental and sow-related factors affecting the duration of farrowing","volume":"119","author":"Oliviero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz213","article-title":"Nitrogen utilization of lactating sows fed increasing dietary protein1","volume":"97","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.03.010","article-title":"Colostrum intake: influence on piglet performance and factors of variation","volume":"146","author":"Quesnel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-803-2_8","article-title":"Colostrum and milk production","volume-title":"The gestating and lactating sow","author":"Quesnel","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0714","article-title":"Absorption of carbohydrate-derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber","volume":"87","author":"Serena","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0024","first-page":"61","article-title":"The consequence of activity on heatproduction in sows [In Danish \u201cAktivitetens betydning for s\u00f8ers varmeproduktion\u201d]","volume-title":"Thematic meeting: stable environment at different production strategies [In Danish \u201cTemam\u00f8de: Staldklimaet ved forskellige produktionsstrategier\u201d]","author":"Theil","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0025","article-title":"Energy for pigs: metabolism, requirement, utilisation and prediction of dietary content","volume-title":"Nutritional physiology of pigs","author":"Theil","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7841","article-title":"Mechanistic model to predict colostrum intake based on deuterium oxide dilution technique data and impact of gestation and prefarrowing diets on piglet intake and sow yield of colostrum","volume":"92","author":"Theil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0396.2002.00404.x","article-title":"Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein","volume":"86","author":"Theil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berlin)"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lactation, milk and suckling","volume-title":"Nutritional physiology of pigs","author":"Theil","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8659","article-title":"Impact of sow and litter characteristics on colostrum yield, time for onset of lactation, and milk yield of sows","volume":"93","author":"Vadmand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809375652200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.01.015","article-title":"Nest-building behaviour in sows and consequences for pig husbandry","volume":"124","author":"Wischner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab061\/37776352\/skab061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/5\/skab061\/38270219\/skab061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/5\/skab061\/38270219\/skab061.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T18:32:50Z","timestamp":1625769170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab061\/6262657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skab061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"article-number":"skab061"}}