{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:25:06Z","timestamp":1758961506802,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010132","name":"National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite their anti-inflammatory properties, role in barrier function, absorption and microbial balance in the gut, knowledge on maturational and dietary effects on intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in neonatal piglets is scarce. Moreover, little information exists whether SCFA and lactic acid (LA) modulates gut motility at this age. The present study aimed (1) to investigate the maturational changes in the SCFA profile with and without creep feeding of piglets in the first 3 wk of life; and (2) to examine the effects of SCFA and LA on muscle contractibility in jejunal tissue from neonatal piglets ex vivo. SCFA concentrations were measured in fecal samples of 52 piglets from 10 litters collected on days 2, 6, 13, and 20 of life using gas chromatography. Half of the litters were fed a commercial creep feed from day 10 of life. The organ bath system was used to test the effect of SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and caproate) as well as of LA and the combination of LA and SCFA on muscle contractibility in piglet\u2019s jejunum. Average daily gain of piglets was similar between groups before and after introduction of creep feed. SCFA were detectable in feces in relevant concentrations from day 2 of life and increased on day 6 in males by 3.0-fold and on day 13 in females by 1.6-fold but decreased again on day 20 in both sexes compared with day 2 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Creep feeding reduced fecal SCFA by 0.6-fold on day 13 without largely modifying molar proportions, whereas it increased fecal SCFA by 0.8-fold on day 20 of life compared with the sow-reared only piglets (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Applying SCFA ex vivo increased the muscle contraction of the jejunum by 30% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Likewise, addition of LA and the combination of LA and SCFA increased the jejunal muscle contractibility by 34.9% and 32.2%, respectively, compared with the muscle tension preaddition (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the present results for fecal SCFA in first days of life suggest high bacterial activity on milk components and emphasize the importance of SCFA for intestinal development and function. After a lag phase, creep feeding promotes fermentation in the distal colon, which may be beneficial for the gut homeostasis. Results further demonstrate the stimulating effect of SCFA and LA for jejunal motility, suggesting a role for mixing of digesta (segmentation) and digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as passage in the jejunum of neonatal piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T08:00:42Z","timestamp":1622016042000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Postnatal development of gut microbial activity and their importance for jejunal motility in piglets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2413-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara U","family":"Metzler-Zebeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arife","family":"Sener-Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Lerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.280792","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid sensing in rat duodenum","volume":"593","author":"Akiba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003772","article-title":"A comparative study of free oligosaccharides in the milk of domestic animals","volume":"111","author":"Albrecht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902514R","article-title":"Post-natal co-development of the microbiota and gut barrier function follows different paths in the small and large intestine in piglets","volume":"34","author":"Arnaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2020.1870662","article-title":"Cinnamon bark oil and coconut oil emulsions modified small intestinal motility and barrier function in laying hens in an ex vivo experiment","volume":"62","author":"Baskara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5417-5","article-title":"Branched short-chain fatty acid isovaleric acid causes colonic smooth muscle relaxation via cAMP\/PKA pathway","volume":"64","author":"Blakeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.1.53","article-title":"In vitro contractile effects of short chain fatty acids in the rat terminal ileum","volume":"38","author":"Cherbut","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05384","article-title":"In vitro fermentation of porcine milk oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides using piglet fecal inoculum","volume":"64","author":"Difilippo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9481","article-title":"Supplementation of piglets with nutrient-dense complex milk replacer improves intestinal development and microbial fermentation","volume":"94","author":"de Greeff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794266","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1794266","article-title":"The meconium microbiota shares more features with the amniotic fluid microbiota than the maternal fecal and vaginal microbiota","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.48.307","article-title":"Characteristics of acetylcholine-induced phosphorylase a activity in uterine segments as a substitute for contractile response to acetylcholine","volume":"48","author":"Ichida","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970072","article-title":"The energy value of short-chain fatty acids infused into the caecum of pigs","volume":"77","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13157","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13157","article-title":"Free fatty acid receptor 3 activation suppresses neurogenic motility in rat proximal colon","volume":"30","author":"Kaji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271441","article-title":"Neural FFA3 activation inversely regulates anion secretion evoked by nicotinic ACh receptor activation in rat proximal colon","volume":"594","author":"Kaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002259","article-title":"Preterm birth has effects on gut colonization in piglets within the first 4 weeks of life","volume":"68","author":"Kamal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19910107","article-title":"Polyamide profiles of porcine milk and of intestinal tissue of pigs during suckling","volume":"31","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040265","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids commonly produced by gut microbiota influence Salmonella enterica motility, biofilm formation, and gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Lamas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03322.x","article-title":"Understanding the effects of diet on bacterial metabolism in the large intestine","volume":"102","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00407-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00407-17","article-title":"Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids modulate expression of Campylobacter jejuni determinants required for commensalism and virulence","volume":"8","author":"Luethy","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.SGE_Macfarlane","article-title":"Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health","volume":"95","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12556","article-title":"The nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis and allergic diseases","volume":"278","author":"McKenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.153007","article-title":"Oat \u03b2-glucan and dietary calcium and phosphorus differentially modify intestinal expression of proinflammatory cytokines and monocarboxylate transporter 1 and cecal morphology in weaned pigs","volume":"142","author":"Metzler-Zebeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00789","article-title":"New insights into porcine milk N-glycome and the potential relation with offspring gut microbiome","volume":"18","author":"Mu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-16","article-title":"Species and tissue-specificity of prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of Fumaria parviflora","volume":"12","author":"Najeeb-ur-Rehman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091220","article-title":"Production, absorption, and blood flow dynamics of short-chain fatty acids produced by fermentation in piglet hindgut during the suckling-weaning period","volume":"10","author":"Nakatani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00224","article-title":"Transglycosylated starch modulates the gut microbiome and expression of genes related to lipid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue of pigs","volume":"9","author":"Newman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010017","article-title":"Early parenteral administration of ceftiofur has gender-specific short- and long-term effects on the fecal microbiota and growth in pigs from the suckling to growing phase","volume":"10","author":"Ruczizka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-018-1442-z","article-title":"The changes of colonic bacterial composition and bacterial metabolism induced by an early food introduction in a Neonatal Porcine Model","volume":"75","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051542","article-title":"Dietary phytase and lactic acid-treated cereal grains differently affected calcium and phosphorus homeostasis from intestinal uptake to systemic metabolism in a pig model","volume":"12","author":"V\u00f6tterl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz183","article-title":"Feeding mode, but not prebiotics, affects colonic microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid concentrations in sow-reared, formula-fed, and combination-fed piglets","volume":"149","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2021070809500228900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23025-x","article-title":"Characterization of porcine milk oligosaccharides over lactation between primiparous and multiparous female pigs","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab171\/38164357\/skab171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/7\/skab171\/38874008\/skab171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/7\/skab171\/38874008\/skab171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T18:38:30Z","timestamp":1625769510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab171\/6283768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skab171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"article-number":"skab171"}}