{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:24Z","timestamp":1787009064820,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015516","name":"Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"OMAFRA Undergraduate Student Experimental Learning"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005074","name":"Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fecal egg count (FEC) is an indicative measurement for parasite infection in sheep. Different FEC methods may show inconsistent results. Not accounting for inconsistencies can be problematic when integrating measurements from different FEC methods for genetic evaluation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the difference in means and variances between two fecal egg counting methods used in sheep\u2014the Modified McMaster (LMMR) and the Triple Chamber McMaster (LTCM); to estimate variance components for the two FEC methods, treating them as two different traits; and to integrate FEC data from the two different methods and estimate genetic parameters for FEC and other gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits. Fecal samples were collected from a commercial Rideau-Arcott sheep farm in Ontario. Fecal egg counting was performed using both LMMR and the LTCM methods. Other parasite resistance trait records were collected from the same farm including eye score (FAMACHA), body condition score (BCS), and body weight (WT). The two FEC methods were highly genetically (0.94) and phenotypically (0.88) correlated. However, the mean and variance between the two FEC methods were significantly different (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Therefore, re-scaling is required prior to integrating data from the different methods. For the multiple trait analysis, data from the two fecal egg counting methods were integrated (LFEC) by using records for the LMMR when available and replacing missing records with re-standardized LTCM records converted to the same mean and variance of LMMR. Heritability estimates were 0.12 \u00b1 0.04, 0.07 \u00b1 0.05, 0.17 \u00b1 0.06, and 0.24 \u00b1 0.07 for LFEC egg count, FAMACHA, BCS, and WT, respectively. The estimated genetic correlations between FEC and the other parasite resistance traits were low and not significant (P &amp;gt; 0.05) for FAMACHA (r = 0.24 \u00b1 0.32) and WT (r = 0.22 \u00b1 0.19), and essentially zero for BCS (r = \u22120.03 \u00b1 0.25), suggesting little to no benefit of using such traits as indicators for LFEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T14:01:57Z","timestamp":1636552917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison between methods for measuring fecal egg count and estimating genetic parameters for gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Mohammed N","family":"Boareki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8700-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio S","family":"Schenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroa","family":"Suarez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delma","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Elora, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0036-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"C\u00e1novas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2018.01.020","article-title":"Usefulness of running animal models in absence of pedigrees: estimation of genetic parameters for gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits in Djallonk\u00e9 sheep of Burkina Faso","volume":"160","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04107-0","article-title":"Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique","volume":"13","author":"Amadesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1014233900001103","article-title":"Genetic resistance to endoparasites in sheep and goats. A review of genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep and goats in the tropics and evidence for resistance in some sheep and goat breeds in sub-humid coastal Kenya","volume":"24","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Genet. Resour. Inf"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109272","article-title":"Genetic parameters for production traits, resistance and resilience to nematode parasites under different worm burden challenges in Corriedale sheep","volume":"287","author":"Balconi Marques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.033","article-title":"Accuracy of the FAMACHA system for on-farm use by sheep and goat producers in the southeastern United States","volume":"147","author":"Burke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.5.733","article-title":"Comparison of methods to detect gastrointestinal parasites in llamas and alpacas","volume":"232","author":"Cebra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.10.021","article-title":"Genetic parameters involving subjective FAMACHA\u00a9 scores and faecal worm egg counts on two farms in the Mediterranean region of South Africa","volume":"145","author":"Cloete","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.07.1182","article-title":"Fecundity of gastrointestinal trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep in the field","volume":"52","author":"Coyne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.05.021","article-title":"The influence of flotation solution, sample dilution and the choice of McMaster slide area (volume) on the reliability of the McMaster technique in estimating the faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal strongyles and Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep","volume":"123","author":"Cringoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.020","article-title":"Accuracy of an anaemia scoring chart applied on goats in sub-humid Kenya and its potential for control of Haemonchus contortus infections","volume":"141","author":"Ejlertsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.07.001","article-title":"Haemonchus contortus: the then and now, and where to from here?","volume":"46","author":"Emery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0012","first-page":"464","volume-title":"Introduction to quantitative genetics","author":"Falconer","year":"1996","edition":"4"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0013","author":"Gilmour","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0014","first-page":"199","article-title":"Are faecal egg counts approaching their \u201csell-by\u201d date?","volume":"72","author":"Greer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. New Zeal. Soc. Anim. Prod"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.06.005","article-title":"Validation of the FAMACHA\u00a9 eye color chart for detecting clinical anemia in sheep and goats on farms in the southern United States","volume":"123","author":"Kaplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.02.033","article-title":"FAMACHA\u00a9 system assessment by previously trained sheep and goat farmers in Brazil","volume":"209","author":"Maia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v44i2.11","article-title":"Genetic parameters and relationships of faecal worm egg count with objectively measured wool traits in the Tygerhoek Merino flock","volume":"44","author":"Matebesi-Ranthimo","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v45i5.8","article-title":"Environmental and genetic factors affecting faecal worm egg counts in Merinos divergently selected for reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Mpetile","year":"2015","journal-title":"South African J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.04.005","article-title":"Utilization of year-round data in the estimation of genetic parameters for internal parasite resistance traits in Dorper sheep","volume":"151","author":"Ngere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.05.015","article-title":"Comparison of fecal egg counting methods in four livestock species","volume":"257","author":"Paras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.014","article-title":"A comparison of modifications of the McMaster method for the enumeration of Ascaris suum eggs in pig faecal samples","volume":"149","author":"Pereckiene","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0022","author":"R Core Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.08.023","article-title":"Validation of the FAMACHA \u00df eye colour chart using sensitivity\/specificity analysis on two South African sheep farms","volume":"177","author":"Reynecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.014","article-title":"Genetic parameters for FAMACHA\u00a9 score and related traits for host resistance\/resilience and production at differing severities of worm challenge in a Merino flock in South Africa","volume":"164","author":"Riley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2011.04.013","article-title":"The effects of penalization of FAMACHA\u00a9 scores of lambs treated for internal parasites on the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values","volume":"99","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.09.003","article-title":"A review of genetic parameter estimates for wool, growth, meat and reproduction traits in sheep","volume":"92","author":"Safari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0027","first-page":"112","article-title":"Box\u2013Cox transformation and random regression models for fecal egg count data","volume":"0","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0028","first-page":"31","article-title":"Genetic parameters for faecal egg count, FAMACHA\u00a9 score and body condition score in a Dohne Merino sheep flock subjected to high levels of Haemonchus contortus","volume":"19","author":"Snyman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Grootfontein Agric"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2385-5","article-title":"Which McMaster egg counting technique is the most reliable?","volume":"109","author":"Vadlejch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002036","article-title":"The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment","volume":"33","author":"van Wyk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Res"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.09.021","article-title":"Identification of effective treatment criteria for use in targeted selective treatment programs to control haemonchosis in periparturient ewes in Ontario, Canada","volume":"134","author":"Westers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2021122407025361900_CIT0032","volume-title":"Veterinary clinical parasitology","author":"Zajac","year":"2012","edition":"8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab341\/41125221\/skab341.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/12\/skab341\/41913136\/skab341.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/99\/12\/skab341\/41913136\/skab341.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T18:18:38Z","timestamp":1726078718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skab341\/6425111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skab341","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"article-number":"skab341"}}