{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:34:06Z","timestamp":1791120846558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Miriam Martin is a Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research","award":["548795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["548795"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2017-67015-27124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-67015-27124"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2020-67030-31479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-67030-31479"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2020-67015-31540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-67015-31540"]}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive","award":["2020-67015-31546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-67015-31546"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-67015-34084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-67015-34084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pleuritic chest pain from bacterial pneumonia is often reported in human medicine. However, studies investigating pain associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess if bacterial pneumonia elicits a pain response in calves with experimentally induced BRD and to determine the analgesic effects of transdermally administered flunixin. A total of 26 calves, 6\u20137 mo of age, with no history of BRD were enrolled into one of three treatment groups: 1) experimentally induced BRD + transdermal flunixin at 3.3\u00a0mg\/kg twice, 24\u00a0h apart (BRD + FTD); 2) experimentally induced BRD + placebo (BRD + PLBO); and 3) sham induction + placebo (CNTL + PLBO). Calves induced with BRD were inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica via bronchoalveolar lavage. Outcomes were collected from \u221248 to 192\u00a0h post-treatment and included serum cortisol, infrared thermography, mechanical nociceptive threshold, substance P, kinematic gait analysis, visual analog scale (VAS), clinical illness score, computerized lung score, average activity and rumination level, prostaglandin E2 metabolite, plasma serum amyloid A, and rectal temperature. Outcomes were evaluated using either a generalized logistic mixed model for categorical variables or a generalized linear mixed model for continuous variables. Right front force differed by treatment (P = 0.01). The BRD + PLBO had lower mean force applied to the right front limb (85.5\u00a0kg) compared with BRD + FTD (96.5\u00a0kg; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Average VAS differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). The VAS scores differed for BRD + PLBO at \u221248 (3.49\u00a0mm) compared with 168 and 192\u00a0h (13.49 and 13.64\u00a0mm, respectively) (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Activity for BRD + PLBO was higher at \u221248\u00a0h (27\u00a0min\/h) compared with 48, 72, 120, and 168\u00a0h (\u2264 22.24\u00a0min\/h; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Activity differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). Activity for BRD + FTD was higher at \u221248 and 0\u00a0h (28.2 and 28.2\u00a0min\/h, respectively) compared to 48, 72, 96, and 168\u00a0h (\u226423.7\u00a0min\/h; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Results show a combination of reduced activity levels, decreased force on the right front limb, and increased VAS pain scores all support that bacterial pneumonia in cattle is painful. Differences in right front force indicate that flunixin transdermal may attenuate certain pain biomarkers in cattle with BRD. These findings suggest that BRD is painful and analgesic drugs may improve the humane aspects of care for cattle with BRD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T17:18:19Z","timestamp":1640107099000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of pain associated with bovine respiratory disease and its mitigation with flunixin meglumine in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Miriam S","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D","family":"Kleinhenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad J","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9414-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaine T","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology & Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawnee R","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela M","family":"Weeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale A","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli M","family":"Almes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology & Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghu G","family":"Amachawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harith M","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology & Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt D","family":"Miesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela K","family":"Baysinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Animal Health, De Soto, KS 66018"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason S","family":"Nickell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Animal Health, De Soto, KS 66018"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1802-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann F","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021617133125900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12829","article-title":"Effect of rain on absorption after transdermal application of flunixin in calves.","volume":"43","author":"Altenbrunner-Martinek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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