{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:47:30Z","timestamp":1785088050674,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation"},{"name":"Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recently, interest in supplementing vitamin D (Vit D) to improve aspects of health, mainly in human fertility, has emerged. Still, supplementation of Vit D above the minimum required levels has yet to be explored in cattle despite evidence for Vit D receptors in reproductive tissues. The objective of this study was to establish if a dose\u2013response relationship exists between Vit D exposure and success of in vitro production (IVP) of embryos and, if acute supplementation of Vit D improves pregnancy rates during timed artificial insemination (TAI) of dairy cows. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from ovaries acquired from a local abattoir and cultured in five different IVP treatments from three separate collections (Control, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ng\/mL of 1,25(OH)2D3; n = 20\u201330 COCs\/group). In Experiment 2, dairy breed cows (n = 100) were synchronized for TAI with the PresynchOvsynch protocol. Cows received 150,000 IU of Vit D (n = 48) or castor oil as control (n = 53) along with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 24 h before TAI. Serum samples were collected before and 24 h after treatment. A small cohort of cows (n = 4) received the same treatments in two separate cycles and follicular fluid (FF) was collected after 24 h for calcidiol (25OHD) analyses. Increased concentrations of Vit D resulted in decreased rates of maturation of COC (150 and 200 ng\/mL vs. control and 50 ng\/mL; P = 0.01). Supplementation with 50 ng\/mL resulted in greater numbers of early blastocyst and blastocyst stage embryos (P &amp;lt; 0.009). Pregnancy at first breeding did not differ (P = 0.13) between groups, but serum 25OHD increased in treated females after 24 h (P = 0.002). The FF 25OHD levels were reflective of serum levels, however, the observed increase in the treatment cycle (P = 0.04) was parallel to an overall increase in serum 25OHD during the entire second cycle, likely due to increased environmental sunlight exposure (March, control vs. May, treatment). A similar increase in the serum 25OHD in the lactating commercial herd maintained in covered housing was not observed, although experiments were conducted during a similar timeframe. This herd had levels of 25OHD near the low end of sufficiency according to National Research Council (NRC) guidelines. We conclude mild Vitamin D supplementation with concentrations at the higher end of NRC guidelines can improve maturation rates of recovered COCs. However, longer term supplementation may be needed to appreciate any benefits on fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:10:36Z","timestamp":1656634236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increasing vitamin D levels to improve fertilization rates in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Peixoto de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, College of Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Whitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles T","family":"Estill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecily V","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070101193384400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12292","article-title":"Interaction between growing oocytes and granulosa cells in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Alam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. 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