{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:16:33Z","timestamp":1782944193607,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choline is an essential nutrient linked to hepatic lipid metabolism in many animal species, including cats. The current study investigated the serum lipid profiles, serum liver enzymes, respiratory quotients, and energy expenditures of overweight cats fed maintenance diets, in response to graded doses of supplemental dietary choline. Overweight (body condition score [BCS]: \u22656\/9) adult male neutered cats (n = 14) were supplemented with five choline chloride doses for 3-wk periods, in a 5 \u00d7 5 Latin square design. Doses were based on individual body weight (BW) and the daily recommended allowance (RA) for choline (63 mg\/kg BW0.67) according to the National Research Council. Doses were control (no additional choline: 1.2 \u00d7 RA, 77 mg\/kg BW0.67), 2 \u00d7 RA (126 mg\/kg BW0.67), 4 \u00d7 RA (252 mg\/kg BW0.67), 6 \u00d7 RA (378 mg\/kg BW0.67), and 8 \u00d7 RA (504 mg\/kg BW0.67). Choline was top-dressed over the commercial extruded cat food (3,620 mg choline\/kg diet), fed once a day at maintenance energy requirements (130 kcal\/kgBW0.4). Body weight and BCS were assessed weekly. Fasted blood samples were taken and indirect calorimetry was performed at the end of each 3-wk period. Serum was analyzed for cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated. Data were analyzed via SAS using proc GLIMMIX, with group and period as the random effects, and treatment as the fixed effect. Statistical significance was considered at P &amp;lt; 0.05. Body weight and BCS did not change (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Serum cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and VLDL increased with 6 \u00d7 RA (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Serum ALP decreased with 8 \u00d7 RA (P = 0.004). Choline at 4 \u00d7 and 6 \u00d7 RA decreased serum BUN (P = 0.006). Fed or fasted respiratory quotient and energy expenditure did not differ among dietary choline doses (P &amp;gt; 0.05). These results suggest that dietary choline supplementation at 6 \u00d7 RA may increase hepatic fat mobilization through increased lipoprotein transport and beneficially support hepatic health in overweight cats. Future studies that combine these results with existing knowledge of feline weight loss and hepatic lipidosis are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T01:03:03Z","timestamp":1654045383000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dose-response relationship between dietary choline and serum lipid profile, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient in overweight adult cats fed at maintenance energy requirements"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rankovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin E","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K","family":"Shoveller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Bakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adronie","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022070703264589800_CIT0001","volume-title":"Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists\u2019 Society","author":"American Oil Chemists\u2019 Society","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022070703264589800_CIT0002","volume-title":"2021\u20132022 APPA national pet owners survey","author":"American Pet Products Association.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022070703264589800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1979.492522x","article-title":"Choline-methionine interrelationship in feline nutrition","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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