{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:03:59Z","timestamp":1788998639210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Cooperation with WENS Group","award":["2019B1515210031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B1515210031"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3197200131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3197200131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Special Foundation","award":["210723106900762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210723106900762"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Special Foundation","award":["2021020103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021020103-2"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-42-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42-15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, the efficacy of different nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme sources on wheat ingredients and wheat basal diets in vitro were evaluated by simulating the avian digestive tract. In Exp. 1, pH level was increased from 2.0 to 8.0 by simulating the avian digestive tract. The relative enzyme activities of xylanase A, B, and C and \u03b2-glucanase X at pH 3.0\u20133.5 were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than those at pH 2.0 or 7.0\u20138.0. The optimal pH levels of 3.5 and 7.0 were screened by simulating the proventriculus and small intestine, respectively to evaluate the efficacy of NSP enzyme on wheat sources. In Exp. 2, wheat 1 contained the highest content of NSP fractions and the lowest digestibility in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and energy (IVED) in wheat samples. Therefore, wheat 1 was selected for hydrolysis research under different NSP enzyme sources and levels (1,500, 4,500, 13,500, 40,500, 121,500 U xylanase\/kg and 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 U \u03b2-glucanase\/kg) in vitro. The hydrolysis of wheat on the basis of the released reducing sugar content was determined by xylanase sources A &amp;gt; B &amp;gt; C (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and \u03b2-glucanase sources of X &amp;gt; Y (P &amp;lt; 0.05). On the basis of the hydrolysis, the optimum dose of xylanase A and \u03b2-glucanase X were 40,500 U\/kg and 2,000 U\/kg, respectively. Subsequently, the completely randomized designs involving 2 NSP enzymes treatments \u00d7 2 endogenous digestive enzymes treatments (Exp. 3), as well as 2 wheat basal diets \u00d7 2 NSP enzymes treatments (Exp. 4) were used to evaluate the efficacy of NSP enzymes on dietary nutrient digestibility. The addition of NSP enzymes (40,500 U xylanase A\/kg and 2,000 U \u03b2-glucanase X\/kg) increased the IVDMD and IVED of wheat 1 without endogenous enzymes (P &amp;lt; 0.05), while the IVDMD and IVED of wheat 1 with endogenous enzyme were only slightly increased (P &amp;gt; 0.05). The addition of NSP enzymes could increase the IVDMD and IVED of corn\u2013wheat\u2013soybean meal diet (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but had no effect on those of wheat\u2013cottonseed meal rapeseed meal diet (P &amp;gt; 0.05). In conclusion, xylanase and \u03b2-glucanase additions could effectively eliminate the adverse effects on wheat and wheat basal diets at the optimal pH levels of 3.5 and 7.0 by simulating the proventriculus and small intestine parts, respectively. The efficacy of NSP enzymes was influenced by the enzyme sources, dietary type, and the interaction of endogenous enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T13:42:36Z","timestamp":1666186956000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro evaluation of efficacy of nonstarch polysaccharides enzymes on wheat by simulating the avian digestive tract"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhi Poultry Industry Co. Ltd. , Shantou 528100 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd. , Yunfu 527300 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wence","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112010533299500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041180","article-title":"Exogenous dietary xylanase ameliorates viscosity-induced anti-nutritional effects in wheat-based diets for White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrinchos domesticus)","volume":"92","author":"Adeola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. 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