{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:25Z","timestamp":1787009065393,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research","award":["H-17-47-287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-17-47-287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbohydrates in forages constitute an important part of the feed ration for all horses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of harvest time on carbohydrate composition and digestion of various grass species. The experiment was divided into three parts 1) characterization of the chemical composition of experimental feeds (6 grass species: meadow fescue [MF], cocksfoot [CF], perennial ryegrass [PR], smooth bromegrass [SB], tall fescue [TF], and timothy [TI], and 3 harvest times: early, medium, and late first cut), 2) measurements of the in vitro digestion of selected experimental feeds (the 6 grass species, and 2 harvest times [early and late]) measured by in vitro gas production, and 3) in vivo digestion of selected experimental feeds (2 grass species: CF and PR, 2 harvest times [early and late]) measured by the mobile bag technique using caecum cannulated horses. An experimental field was established with plots containing each of the grass species in three replicate blocks. Grass samples were cut between 1200 and 1400 h at 4th of June (early first cut), 17th of June (medium first cut), and 1st of July (late first cut) and analyzed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber with heat stable amylase and free of residual ash (aNDFom) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC). The in vitro fermentation was investigated using the ANKOM RF gas production technique, where feeds were incubated for 48 h using horse caecal fluid as an inoculum. Gas production was modeled, and maximum gas production (MGP) was used to evaluate the potential digestibility of the feeds. Based on the chemical analyses and the in vitro experiment, early and late harvested CF and PR were selected for the in vivo experiment, which was conducted as a randomized 4\u2005\u00d7\u20054 Latin square design including four periods, four horses and four feeds. In general, the CP content decreased whereas the aNDFom content increased as the grasses matured. The content of WSC increased in SB and TI, but decreased in CF, and fructans increased in SB, TI, PR, and TF as they matured. The in vitro MGP showed a clearer difference between harvest times than between grass species. Harvest time had larger effect on digestibility than grass species, and a high precaecal disappearance of the WSC fraction was measured by the mobile bag technique. Cocksfoot was identified as a grass species with potentially low digestibility and low WSC content and could potentially be used more for horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1672245234000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of harvest time of forage on carbohydrate digestion in horses quantified by in vitro and mobile bag techniques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Frida Lindskov","family":"Stang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-1870 Frederiksberg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Bjerregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-1870 Frederiksberg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Elisabeth","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5shild","family":"Ergon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1430 \u00c5s , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Halling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana Wentzel","family":"Thorringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1430 \u00c5s , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2945-7189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alemayehu","family":"Kidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1430 \u00c5s , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus Bovbjerg","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1430 \u00c5s , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112010574942300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086867189_009","article-title":"Feed analyses and digestion methods.","volume-title":"NorFor: the Nordic feed evaluation system","author":"\u00c5kerlind","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023112010574942300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2012.0300","article-title":"Forage nutritive value and preference of cool-season grasses under horse grazing","volume":"105","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agron. 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