{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:14:05Z","timestamp":1788272045044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro models of digestion are useful tools to explore the behavior of dietary fiber sources in gastrointestinal conditions. To evaluate the validity of our digestion model, digesta obtained in vivo and in vitro were characterized and the impact of cell wall integrity on protein bioaccessibility and digestibility evaluated. Six cannulated barrows [Pietrain \u00d7 (Large White \u00d7 Landrace)] were included in a 2 \u00d7 2 Latin square design where they were fed two diets identical in chemical composition but differing in nutrient bioaccessibility. Pea was given either as flour (R1, most proteins encapsulated by intact cell walls) or reconstituted flour (R2, mixture of proteins and purified, broken cell walls). Digesta were collected at the duodenal and ileal cannulas at regular interval and after slaughtering, following ingestion of either R1 or R2. The two diets were also digested in vitro using a static gastrointestinal model. The original pea ingredients as well as the digesta collected in vivo and in vitro were characterized (i.e., particle size measurement, microscopy observations and gel electrophoresis) and then compared with each other. The degradation of the pea ingredients differed greatly between the two forms of flour, where particles filled with nutrients were recovered at the latest stage of R1 intestinal digestion as observed with the particle size distribution and the microscopy images. These results were consistent with the in vivo and in vitro digestibility analysis that showed lower protein hydrolysis for R1 than that for R2 (about 19% difference in protein digestion regardless of the method). Overall, great similarities were found between the digesta collected in vivo and in vitro, especially regarding the particle size measurements. To summarize, a substantial proportion of the proteins contained in R1 was retained within the pea cells following gastrointestinal digestion. These encapsulated proteins reduced the amount of amino acids and small peptides available for absorption. This mechanism will have consequences on postprandial metabolism of amino acids and bacterial population based on the delivery form of the dietary fiber.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T11:37:50Z","timestamp":1675078670000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An in vitro and in vivo approach to characterize digesta from pigs fed different forms of pea flour"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam M L","family":"Grundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro , Saint Gilles , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Labarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro , Saint Gilles , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederique","family":"Mayeur-Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro , Saint Gilles , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"van Milgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro , Saint Gilles , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Renaudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro , Saint Gilles , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104748","article-title":"Comparing nutritional and digestibility aspects of sustainable proteins using the INFOGEST digestion protocol","volume":"87","author":"Ari\u00ebns","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.020","article-title":"The role of carbohydrates in intestinal health of pigs","volume":"173","author":"Bach Knudsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","article-title":"INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion","volume":"14","author":"Brodkorb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/70017\/2001","article-title":"Fibre components negatively affect ileal protein digestibility in pigs","volume":"10","author":"Buraczewska","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.20870\/productions-animales.1999.12.2.3874","article-title":"Protein digestion of leguminous in monogastrics. Pea proteins as an example","volume":"12","author":"Crevieu-Gabriel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inra Prod Anim"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.106008","article-title":"Functionality and structure of yellow pea protein isolate as affected by cultivars and extraction pH","volume":"108","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012026","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/854\/1\/012026","article-title":"The possibilities of alternative protein use in animal nutrition","volume":"854","author":"Djuragic","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ. Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103918","article-title":"Chemical, physical and glycaemic characterisation of PulseON\u00ae: A novel legume cell-powder ingredient for use in the design of functional foods","volume":"68","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.09.047","article-title":"Physiological comparability of the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro \u00addigestion method to in vivo pig digestion","volume":"102","author":"Egger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.4141\/A99-003","article-title":"Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in different pea samples for growing-finishing pigs","volume":"79","author":"Fan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.238667","article-title":"Whole-grain fiber composition influences site of nutrient digestion, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids, and whole-body energy utilization in grower pigs","volume":"147","author":"Fouhse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(87)90050-2","article-title":"Whole-crop peas. II. Digestion of early- and late-harvested crops in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs","volume":"17","author":"Graham","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002610","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the mechanisms of dietary fibre and implications for macronutrient bioaccessibility, digestion and postprandial metabolism","volume":"116","author":"Grundy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8747","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01223A","article-title":"Effect of heat treatment on the digestion behavior of pea and rice protein dispersions and their blends, studied using the semi-dynamic INFOGEST digestion method","volume":"12","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Munoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.014","article-title":"Pea cell wall integrity controls the starch and protein digestion properties in the INFOGEST in vitro simulation","volume":"182","author":"Junejo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2008.00766.x","article-title":"Disintegration of solid foods in human stomach","volume":"73","author":"Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Food Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-795","article-title":"Weaned piglets display low gastrointestinal digestion of pea (Pisum sativum L.) lectin and pea albumin 2","volume":"85","author":"Le Gall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(199609)72:1<127::AID-JSFA637>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Chemical composition of pea fibre isolates and their effect on the endogenous amino acid flow at the ileum of the pig","volume":"72","author":"Leterme","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agri"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2009.11.005","article-title":"Colloidal aspects of protein digestion","volume":"15","author":"Mackie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041260","article-title":"Analysis of the factors affecting static in vitro pepsinolysis of food proteins","volume":"27","author":"Maeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701279749","article-title":"Converting nitrogen into protein - Beyond 6.25 and Jones\u2019 factors","volume":"48","author":"Mariotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2016.12.039","article-title":"Dairy food structures influence the rates of nutrient digestion through different in vitro gastric behaviour","volume":"67","author":"Mulet-Cabero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(01)00195-X","article-title":"Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs","volume":"90","author":"Noblet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4141\/A01-051","article-title":"Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs","volume":"82","author":"Owusu-Asiedu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4007","article-title":"Relationship between proportion and composition of albumins, and in vitro protein digestibility of raw and cooked pea seeds (Pisum sativum L)","volume":"90","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agri"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001459","article-title":"Review: effects of fibre, grain starch digestion rate and the ileal brake on voluntary feed intake in pigs","volume":"13","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129830","article-title":"Improved estimation of in vitro protein digestibility of different foods using size exclusion chromatography","volume":"358","author":"Rieder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0177-1","article-title":"Processing of ingredients and diets and effects on nutritional value for pigs","volume":"8","author":"Rojas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas83-027","article-title":"A modified nylon bag technique for determining apparent digestibilities of protein in feedstuffs for pigs","volume":"63","author":"Sauer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.98.1.357","article-title":"Molecular size and separability features of pea cell wall polysaccharides: implications for models of primary wall structure","volume":"98","author":"Talbott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/separations7010001","article-title":"Titanium and chromium determination in feedstuffs using ICP-AES technique","volume":"7","author":"Tsanaktsidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Separations"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.005","article-title":"Replacement of soya bean meal with peas and faba beans in growing\/finishing pig diets: Effect on performance, carcass composition and nutrient excretion","volume":"209","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3920\/JAAN2020.0007","article-title":"Strategies to reduce reliance on soya bean meal and palm kernel meal in livestock nutrition","volume":"8","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Nutr"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.008","article-title":"Standardized and true ileal amino acid digestibilities in field pea and pea protein isolate fed to growing pigs","volume":"207","author":"Woyengo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114576","article-title":"(Bio)Technological processing of poultry and pig feed: Impact on the composition, digestibility, anti-nutritional factors and hygiene","volume":"268","author":"Zentek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023031110491139500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.012","article-title":"In vitro digestion methods to characterize the physicochemical properties of diets varying in dietary fibre source and content","volume":"235","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad037\/48947773\/skad037.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad037\/49510680\/skad037.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad037\/49510680\/skad037.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:02:54Z","timestamp":1679540574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad037\/7008939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad037"}}