{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:31:51Z","timestamp":1787164311967,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":111,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Cyberinformatics and Tools","award":["2019-67021-28823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67021-28823"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify variables associated with the time and magnitude of nadir BCS (nBCS) during early lactation and to characterize the effects of these two measurements on the subsequent pregnancy at first artificial insemination (P\/AI1) and pregnancy loss of Holstein cows. A retrospective observational study was completed using data collected from 12,042 lactations in 7,626 Holstein cows calving between April 2019 and January 2022 in a commercial dairy operation located in Colorado, USA. Scores generated by an automated BCS camera system at dry-off (BCSdry), calving (BCS1), nadir (nBCS; defined as the lowest daily BCS from calving to 100 DIM), and 21 d post nadir were selected for the analyses and subsequently categorized into quartiles (Q1 = lower nBCS). Changes in BCS were calculated from dry-off to calving (multiparous cows); from calving to nadir; and from nadir to 21 d post nadir and assigned into quartile categories considering Q1 as the 25% of cows with greater loss (pre nadir) or smaller gain (post nadir) of BCS. Data were examined using logistic regression, ANOVA, and time to event analyses. Initial univariable models were followed by multivariable models that considered parity category, calving season, BCS1, and average milk yield up to 30 DIM (M30) as covariables. Sick cows and high producing cows had increased DIM at nadir, while lower BCSdry, greater M30, and occurrence of disease were associated with lower nBCS. Cows that conceived at AI1 had their nBCS earlier (45.1 \u00b1 0.32 d) than cows that remained open after first AI (46.4 \u00b1 0.35 d). On the contrary, DIM at nBCS did not differ by pregnancy loss status. The logistic regression analyses reported smaller odds of P\/AI1 in cows in the lower nBCS categories. Likewise, cows with larger loss in BCS between calving and nadir had smaller odds of P\/AI1. Although cows that lost their pregnancy had lower nBCS, this association was not consistent across the analyses. The time to and magnitude of nBCS, together with the \u2206BCS from calving to nadir could be useful measures to evaluate the transition and early lactation status of dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T23:27:10Z","timestamp":1682119630000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Factors associated with the time and magnitude of the nadir body condition score in early lactation and its subsequent effects on fertility of Holstein cows"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanza","family":"Hernandez-Gotelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Manr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA"},{"name":"\u00c9cole Nationale de V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, CIRAD , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Azocar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeLaval Inc , Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"De Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo J","family":"Pinedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029906002184","article-title":"Associations between lameness and production, feeding and milking attendance of Holstein cows milked with an automatic milking system","volume":"74","author":"Bach","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.07.030","article-title":"Association of changes among body condition score during the transition period with NEFA and BHBA concentrations, milk production, fertility, and health of Holstein cows","volume":"104","author":"Barletta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(80)83111-0","article-title":"Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation - a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis","volume":"63","author":"Bauman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731107000419","article-title":"Body condition score and live-weight effects on milk production in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows","volume":"1","author":"Berry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0005","first-page":"141","article-title":"Relationship between live weight and body condition score in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.","volume":"50","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ir. J. Agric. Food Res"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0076","article-title":"Association between a visual and an automated locomotion score in lactating Holstein cows","volume":"90","author":"Bicalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0007","first-page":"29","article-title":"Impacts of early postpartum metabolism on follicular development and fertility","author":"Britt","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7809","article-title":"Relationships between fertility and postpartum changes in body condition and body weight in lactating dairy cows","volume":"97","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11701","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17025","article-title":"Long-term effects of postpartum clinical disease on milk production, reproduction, and culling of dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13732","article-title":"Association between body condition score change during the dry period and postpartum health and performance","volume":"101","author":"Chebel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74352-X","article-title":"Energy balance profiles for the first three lactations of dairy cows estimated using random regression","volume":"85","author":"Coffey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73577-8","article-title":"Genotype and diet effects on energy balance in the first threelactations of dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Coffey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75474-3","article-title":"Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier?","volume":"82","author":"Drackley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X","article-title":"Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76452-4","article-title":"Change in body condition score of Holstein cows as affected by parity and mature equivalent milk yield","volume":"79","author":"Gallo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8380","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20330","article-title":"Invited review: the influence of immune activation on transition cow health and performance\u2014acritical evaluation of traditional dogmas","volume":"104","author":"Horst","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5092","article-title":"The fatty acid profile of subcutaneous and abdominal fat in dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum","volume":"95","author":"Hostens","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)70142-0","article-title":"Recommendations for recording and calculating the incidence of selected clinical diseases of dairy cattle","volume":"81","author":"Kelton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12001","article-title":"Glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactatingHolstein cows","volume":"100","author":"Kvidera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90048-2","article-title":"Sepsis-induced increases in glucose uptake by macrophage-rich tissues persist during hypoglycemia","volume":"40","author":"Lang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.03.005","article-title":"Energy and protein nutrition management of transition dairy cows","volume":"29","author":"Lean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00715-4","article-title":"Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation day 38\u201390 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd","volume":"57","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01156-1","article-title":"Effects of body condition score and score change on the reproductive performance of dairy cows: a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1421","article-title":"Somatotropic axis components and nutrient partitioning in genetically diverse dairy cows managed under different feed allowances in a pasture system","volume":"92","author":"Lucy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12785","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-20091","article-title":"Effect of body condition change and health status during early lactation on performance and survival of Holstein cows","volume":"104","author":"Manr\u00edquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2003.12.005","article-title":"Changes in body condition score and in its genetic variation during lactation","volume":"89","author":"Mao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.017","article-title":"Association between endometritis diagnosis using a novel intravaginal device and reproductive performance in dairy cattle","volume":"99","author":"McDougall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78217-9","article-title":"Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in support of lactation","volume":"74","author":"McNamara","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118001519","article-title":"Genome-wide study to detect SNPs associated with visceral and subcutaneous fat deposition in Holstein dairy cows","volume":"2019","author":"Melendez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2020.1763218","article-title":"Associations between postpartum diseases and milk yield and changes in body condition between drying off and parturition of dairy cows in Argentina","volume":"68","author":"Melendez","year":"2020","journal-title":"N.Z.Vet. J"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15828","article-title":"The high-fertility cycle: how timely pregnancies in one lactation may lead to less body condition loss, fewer health issues, greater fertility, and reduced early pregnancy losses in the next lactation","volume":"102","author":"Middleton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2013.11.003","article-title":"Behavioral changes in dairy cows with lameness in an automatic milking system","volume":"150","author":"Miguel-Pacheco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060287","article-title":"Validation of a commercial automated body condition scoring system on a commercial dairy farm","volume":"9","author":"Mullins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.645","article-title":"The effect of combined exposures: examining the presence of interaction","volume":"75","author":"de Mutsert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21501","article-title":"Dynamics of automatically generated body condition scores during early lactation and pregnancy at first artificial insemination of Holstein cows","volume":"105","author":"Pinedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac266","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac266","article-title":"Association between body condition score fluctuations and pregnancy loss in Holstein cows","volume":"0","author":"Pinedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70184-1","article-title":"The relationship between body condition score and reproductive performance","volume":"84","author":"Pryce","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10337","article-title":"Carryover effect of postpartum inflammatory diseases on developmental biology and fertility in lactating dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-740","article-title":"Relationships among body condition score, body weight, and milk production variables in pasture-based dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Roche","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)72639-5","article-title":"Associations among body condition score, body weight, and reproductive performance in seasonal-calving dairy cattle","volume":"90","author":"Roche","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2431","article-title":"Invited review: Body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity, health, and welfare","volume":"92","author":"Roche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(95)76666-8","article-title":"Body condition scores of Holstein cows on Prince Edward Island: relationships with yield, reproductive performance, and disease","volume":"78","author":"Ruegg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0043","first-page":"649","article-title":"Differences between body condition scores and body weight changes in postpartum dairy cows in relation to parity and reproductive indices","volume":"50","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.01.014","article-title":"Risk factors for resumption of postpartum cyclicity and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows","volume":"110","author":"Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.08.021","article-title":"Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle","volume":"65","author":"Sheldon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9573","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18636","article-title":"Transition dairy cow health is associated with first postpartum ovulation risk, metabolic status, milk production, rumination, and physical activity","volume":"103","author":"Stevenson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800051857","article-title":"Energy and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein-Fresian cows during early lactation","volume":"70","author":"Sutter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024042200013859200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12050601","article-title":"Body condition score change throughout lactation utilizing an automated BCS system: adescriptive study","volume":"12","author":"Truman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad119\/50063090\/skad119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad119\/50329467\/skad119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad119\/50329467\/skad119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T20:01:56Z","timestamp":1713729716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad119\/7136029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad119","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad119"}}