{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:34:25Z","timestamp":1790951665138,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that two high protein dried distillers with solubles and yeast mass added (GDDY) products fed to growing pigs had comparable amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) to feeds commonly used in swine diets. In experiment 1, seven barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 25\u2005\u00b1\u20050.8 kg were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum to allow for digesta collection. Experimental diets were N-free diets and six cornstarch-based diets containing six ingredients as the sole source of AA: spray dried GDDY, ring dried GDDY, corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), soybean meal (SBM), enzymatically treated soybean meal (ESBM), and fish meal (FM) provided at 4% of BW. The experiment was conducted as a 7\u2005\u00d7\u20057 Latin square design with seven collection periods of 7 d (5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection). In experiment 2, a total of 28 barrows (28.8\u2005\u00b1\u20051.4 kg BW) were used in a two-period switch-back design with seven diets and four replicate pigs in each period (n\u2005=\u20058 reps per diet). Experimental diets were a corn-based basal diet and six corn-based diets containing spray dried GDDY, ring dried GDDY, DDGS, SBM, ESBM, and FM. Fecal and urine samples were collected using the marker-to-marker approach for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation to determine ME concentration. Overall, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values were within the mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SD of NRC (2012) values for all ingredients evaluated. The SID of AA was greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) in ESBM than the other protein feedstuffs (90.09% vs. 78.71%\u201381.51%). There were no significant differences in SID of AA (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.05) in SBM, FM, spray dried GDDY, and ring dried GDDY (81.49%, 78.71%, 81.52%, and 79.20%). With respect to the most common first limiting AA for swine, the SID of Lys was greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) in spray dried GDDY than ring dried GDDY and DDGS (83.56% vs. 77.33% and 68.53%, respectively). There were no significant differences (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.05) for ME in corn (3,313 kcal\/kg), ESBM (3,323 kcal\/kg), and FM (3,454 kcal\/kg) when compared with spray dried GDDY and ring dried GDDY (3,995 and 3,442 kcal\/kg respectively). However, spray dried GDDY had greater DE and ME when compared to SBM. Collectively, this study demonstrates that GDDY products have an AA profile and digestibility comparable to SBM; ME in GDDY products is not different from corn. Therefore, GDDY has the potential as a feed ingredient for pigs, which could provide an alternative source of protein and energy in swine diets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1682776807000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nutritional value of high protein ingredients fed to growing pigs in comparison to commonly used protein sources in swine diets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yesid R","family":"Garavito-Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal L","family":"Levesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Herrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Services Department, POET Nutrition , Sioux Falls, SD 57104 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3350-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Y","family":"Perez-Palencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab175","article-title":"Corn protein has greater concentrations of digestible amino acids and energy than low-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to pigs but does not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs","volume":"99","author":"Acosta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00387","article-title":"Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of plant feedstuffs in broiler chickens and turkey poults using a nitrogen-free or casein diet","volume":"87","author":"Adedokun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0003","first-page":"903","article-title":"Digestion and balance techniques in pigs.","volume-title":"Swine nutrition","author":"Adeola","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.004","article-title":"Basal endogenous losses of amino acids in protein nutrition research for swine and poultry","volume":"221","author":"Adeola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.01.001","article-title":"Composition of corn and distillers dried grains with solubles from dry grind ethanol processing","volume":"94","author":"Belyea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0006","first-page":"100195","article-title":"Utilization of distiller\u2019s dried grains with solubles: a review","volume":"5","author":"Buenavista","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Res"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0007","author":"California Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz118","article-title":"Meta-regression analysis to predict the influence of branched-chain and large neutral amino acids on growth performance of pigs","volume":"97","author":"Cemin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of high-protein distillers dried grains on growth performance of nursery pigs","author":"Cemin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092598","article-title":"Toward precise nutrient value of feed in growing pigs: effect of meal size, frequency and dietary fibre on nutrient utilization","author":"Chass\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa200","article-title":"A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs","volume":"98","author":"Cristobal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8821","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4019855","article-title":"Processing technologies and cell wall degrading enzymes to improve nutritional value of dried distillers grain with solubles for animal feed: an in vitro digestion study","volume":"61","author":"De Vries","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky073.321","article-title":"High-protein distillers dried grains with solubles produced using a novel front-end\u2013back-end fractionation technology has greater nutritional value than distillers dried grains with solubles when fed to growing pigs","volume":"96","author":"Espinosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2014.12.019","article-title":"Drying of combustible powders \u2013 risk & mitigation","volume":"36","author":"Febo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Loss. Prev. Process Ind"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9034833","article-title":"Changes in composition and amino acid profile during dry grind ethanol processing from corn and estimation of yeast contribution toward DDGS proteins","volume":"58","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604600103","article-title":"Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels","volume":"103","author":"Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0105","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and formation of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of early-weaned pigs","volume":"85","author":"Htoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8147","article-title":"Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains","volume":"93","author":"Jaworski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2060","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration in a novel source of high-protein distillers dried grains and their effects on growth performance of pigs","volume":"87","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7325","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402226r","article-title":"Methods to recover value-added coproducts from dry grind processing of grains into fuel ethanol","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2020.104934","article-title":"Selective extraction of neutral lipids and pigments from Nannochloropsis salina and Nannochloropsis maritima using supercritical CO2 extraction: effects of process parameters and pre-treatment.","volume":"165","author":"Mouahid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.821179x","article-title":"Technical note: a procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide","volume":"82","author":"Myers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.12.045","article-title":"The influence of sorghum grain decortication on bioethanol production and quality of the distillers\u2019 dried grains with solubles using cold and conventional warm starch processing","volume":"203","author":"Nkomba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.722344x","article-title":"Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs","volume":"72","author":"Noblet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0025","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11th rev. ed."},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00758","article-title":"Comparative feeding value of extruded and nonextruded wheat and corn distillers dried grains with solubles for broilers","volume":"89","author":"Oryschak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0027","volume-title":"Recovery and characterization of oil from co-products of corn ethanol production [","author":"Pati","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.011","article-title":"Compositional profile and variation of distillers dried grains with solubles from various origins with focus on non-starch polysaccharides","volume":"197","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0029","author":"Pork checkoff","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0030","author":"Ralph","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0031","volume-title":"Ethanol industry outlook","author":"RFA","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00563","article-title":"Formic acid as an antimicrobial for poultry production: a review","volume":"7","author":"Ricke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051883m","article-title":"Native or raw starch digestion: a key step in energy efficient biorefining of grain","volume":"54","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.02.004","article-title":"Screening method for producing suitable spray-dried HA powder for SLS application","volume":"384","author":"Schappo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1017\/S1068280500003208","article-title":"Implications of growing biofuel demands on northeast livestock feed costs.","volume":"38","author":"Schmit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agric. Resour. Econ. Rev"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022516-022907","article-title":"The role of biofuels coproducts in feeding the world sustainably.","volume":"5","author":"Shurson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(01)00199-7","article-title":"Effect of dietary fibre on ileal digestibility and endogenous nitrogen losses in the pig","volume":"90","author":"Souffrant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM-11-10-0155","article-title":"Methods for characterization of residual starch in distiller\u2019s dried grains with solubles (DDGS).","volume":"88","author":"Srichuwong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereal Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0039","volume-title":"Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets fed to swine","author":"Stein","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.01.019","article-title":"Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs.","volume":"109","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-742","article-title":"Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application","volume":"85","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1290","article-title":"Board-invited review: the use and application of distillers dried grains with solubles in swine diets","volume":"87","author":"Stein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118491454.ch11","article-title":"Fiber in swine nutrition.","volume-title":"Sustainable swine nutrition","author":"Urriola","year":"2013","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2227","article-title":"Digestibility of dietary fiber in distillers coproducts fed to growing pigs","volume":"88","author":"Urriola","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0045","first-page":"3","author":"USDA","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4248-0","article-title":"Engineering yeasts for raw starch conversion","volume":"95","author":"Van Zyl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.016","article-title":"Importance of feed structure (particle size) and feed form (mash vs. pellets) in pig nutrition \u2013 a review","volume":"233","author":"Vukmirovi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3127","article-title":"Effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation or particle size on nutrient digestibility of diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles cofermented from wheat and corn in ileal-cannulated grower pigs","volume":"89","author":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy101","article-title":"Growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of a novel high-protein corn distillers dried grains with solubles.","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.821122x","article-title":"Growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of corn distiller\u2019s dried grains with solubles originating from a modern Midwestern ethanol plant","volume":"82","author":"Whitney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-840","article-title":"Energy, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility of high-protein distillers dried grains and corn germ fed to growing pigs","volume":"85","author":"Widmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072697e","article-title":"Mycotoxins in ethanol co-products: modeling economic impacts on the livestock industry and management strategies","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9409","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01943","article-title":"Enhancing the nutritive value of corn whole stillage for pigs via pretreatment and predigestion","volume":"66","author":"Zangaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.06.008","article-title":"Techniques for evaluating digestibility of energy, amino acids, phosphorus, and calcium in feed ingredients for pigs","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023051900235464600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2010.90513","article-title":"Growth performance of nursery pigs fed 30% distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) and the effects of pelleting on performance and nutrient digestibility","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad135\/50136085\/skad135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad135\/50389128\/skad135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad135\/50389128\/skad135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1684455881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad135\/7146966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad135"}}