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Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased dietary tryptophan (Trp), threonine (Thr), and methionine + cysteine (Met + Cys) supplementation on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune responses of group-housed growing pigs under challenging sanitary conditions. A hundred and twenty pigs (25.4 \u00b1 3.7 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two sanitary conditions (SC, good [GOOD] or salmonella-challenge and poor housing condition [Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) + POOR]) and two diets, control (CN) or supplemented with AA (Trp, Thr, and Met + Cys:Lys ratios 20% higher than those of the CN diet [AA&amp;gt;+]). Pigs were followed during the growing phase (25\u201350 kg) and the trial lasted 28 d. The ST + POOR SC pigs were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and raised in a poor housing condition. The ST + POOR SC increased rectal temperature, fecal score, serum haptoglobin, and urea concentration (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and decreased serum albumin concentration (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with GOOD SC. Body weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and protein deposition (PD) were greater in GOOD SC than in ST + POOR SC (P &amp;lt; 0.01). However, pigs housed in ST + POOR SC fed with AA+ diet had lower body temperature (P &amp;lt; 0.05), increased ADG (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and nitrogen efficiency (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and a tendency for improved PD and G:F (P &amp;lt; 0.10) compared with CN diet fed pigs. Regardless of the SC, pigs fed AA+ diet had lower serum albumin (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and tended to decrease serum urea levels (P &amp;lt; 0.10) compared with CN diet. The results of this study suggest that the ratio of Trp, Thr, and Met + Cys to Lys for pigs are modified by sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with a blend of Trp, Thr, and Met + Cys improves performance, especially under salmonella-challenge and poor housing conditions. Dietary tryptophan, threonine, and methionine supplementation can modulate immune status and influence resilience to sanitary challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T16:36:35Z","timestamp":1683218195000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased dietary Trp, Thr, and Met supplementation improves growth performance and protein deposition of salmonella-challenged growing pigs under poor housing conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Graziela","family":"Alves da Cunha Valini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Righetti Arnaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismael","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoela","family":"Trevisan Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marllon Jos\u00e9","family":"Karpeggiane de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Diego","family":"Brand\u00e3o Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Alves Mar\u00e7al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Henrique","family":"Reis Furtado Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, Minas Gerais , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Khun Htoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Operations GmbH , Hanau 63457 , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Gastmann Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Brasil Ltda. , S\u00e3o Paulo 04711-904 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Hauschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d , S\u00e3o Paulo 14884-900, Jaboticabal , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052400081924100_CIT0001","article-title":"Animal nutritionists information edge. 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