{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:35:51Z","timestamp":1790951751342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This experiment evaluated the difference between computer-controlled simulated digestion and in vivo stomach\u2013small intestinal or large intestinal digestion for growing pigs. Five diets including a corn\u2013soybean meal basal diet and four experimental diets with rapeseed meal (RSM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower meal (SFM), or peanut meal (PNM) were assigned to each group of five barrows installed terminal ileal cannula or distal cecal cannula in a 5 \u00d7 5 Latin square design. Ileal digesta and feces were collected for the determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) as well as digestible energy (DE) at terminal ileum and total tract. The large intestinal digestibility and DE were calculated by the difference between measurements obtained at the terminal ileum and those obtained from total tract. In vitro stomach\u2013small intestinal digestibility and DE for diets and plant protein meals were determined by stomach\u2013small intestinal digestion in a computer-controlled simulated digestion system (CCSDS). The in vitro large intestinal digestibility and DE of diets were determined in a CCSDS using ileal digesta and enzymes extracted from cecal digesta of pigs. The in vitro large intestinal digestibility and DE of four plant protein meals were determined by the difference between stomach\u2013small intestinal and total tract digestion in the CCSDS. For the experimental diets, the in vitro ileal digestibility and DE were not different from corresponding in vivo values in basal diet and PNM diet, but greater than corresponding in vivo values for diets with RSM, CSM, and SFM (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No difference was observed between in vitro and in vivo large intestinal digestibility and DE in five diets. For the feed ingredients, the in vitro ileal digestibility and DE did not differ from corresponding in vivo ileal values in RSM and PNM but were greater than the in vivo ileal values in CSM and SFM (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The in vitro large intestinal GE digestibility and DE were not different from in vivo large intestinal values in RSM, CSM, and PNM, but lower than in vivo large intestinal values in SFM. This finding may relate to the higher fiber content of plant protein meals resulting in shorter digestion time of in vivo stomach\u2013small intestine thus lower digestibility compared to in vitro, indicating it is necessary to optimize in vitro stomach\u2013small intestinal digestion time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1684992362000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A comparative study on in vitro and in vivo stomach\u2013small intestinal and large intestinal digestion of plant protein meals in growing pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wen\u2019s Food Group Co. Ltd ., Guangdong 527439 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-2519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wen\u2019s Food Group Co. Ltd ., Guangdong 527439 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renna","family":"Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky403","article-title":"Degradation of dietary fiber in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine of growing pigs fed corn or wheat-based diets without or with microbial xylanase","volume":"97","author":"Abelilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6662","article-title":"Energy value of distillers dried grains with solubles and oilseed meals for pigs","volume":"92","author":"Adeola","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0003","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis (methods 920.39 and 942.05)","author":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).","year":"1990","edition":"15"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020341","article-title":"Fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of fibers and fiber-rich byproducts used for the feeding of pigs","volume":"11","author":"Bachmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0005","volume-title":"A new concept for practical feed evaluation systems","author":"Boisen","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(97)00058-8","article-title":"Prediction of the total tract \u00addigestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses","volume":"68","author":"Boisen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0007","volume-title":"Environmental quality standard for the livestock and poultry farm (NY\/T 388-1999)","author":"China Agricultural Industry Standard","year":"1999"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0008","volume-title":"Determination of \u00adcellulase activity in feed additives -Spectrophotometry (NY\/T 912-2020)","author":"China Agricultural Industry Standard.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0009","volume-title":"Determination of \u03b2-\u00adglucanase activity in feed additives-Spectrophotometry (NY\/T 911-2020)","author":"China Agricultural Industry Standard.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0010","volume-title":"Determination of xylanase activity in feed additives-Spectrophotometry method (GB\/T 23874-2009)","author":"China National Standard.","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0011","volume-title":"Determination of moisture in \u00adfeedstuffs (GB\/T 6435-2014). General Administration of Quality Supervision","author":"China National Standard.","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0012","volume-title":"Determination of chromium in food (GB 5009.123-2014)","author":"China National Standard.","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0013","volume-title":"Determination of crude protein in feeds - Kjeldahl method (GB\/T 6432-2018)","author":"China National Standard.","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.07.007","article-title":"Protein and energy concentrations of meat meal and meat and bone meal fed to pigs based on in vitro assays","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516209079686","article-title":"A method for the determination of amylase in intestinal content","volume":"14","author":"Dahlqvist","year":"1962","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0016","first-page":"2510","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein levels and fiber sources on characteristics of cecal fluid of growing pigs. Chine.","volume":"30","author":"Dang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.02.004","article-title":"An automatically progressed computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict digestible and metabolizable energy of unconventional plant protein meals for growing pigs","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.238667","article-title":"Whole-grain fiber composition influences site of nutrient digestion, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids, and whole-body energy utilization in grower pigs","volume":"147","author":"Fouhse","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0019","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Study on the bionic in vitro method to optimize the non-starch polysaccharide enzyme spectrum in the swine diets","author":"Gao","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0020","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Study on determination of effective energy in cereal grains based on simulating in vivo digestion Process for Growing Pigs","author":"Gao","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19890155","article-title":"An in vitro method for studying digestion in the pig: 2. Comparison with in vivo ileal and faecal digestibilities. Brit","volume":"61","author":"Graham","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00061","article-title":"In vitro digestibility of dietary carbohydrates: toward a standardized methodology beyond amylolytic and microbial enzymes","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez-Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/67771\/2003","article-title":"The nutritive value of hulled and hulless barley for growing pigs. 1. Determination of energy and protein digestibility with the in vivo and in vitro method","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5497","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1907","article-title":"Differences in in vitro hydrolysis and fermentation among and within high-fiber ingredients using a modified three-step procedure in growing pigs","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1964","article-title":"Use of in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production to predict apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber for growing pigs","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky102","article-title":"Prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy of corn distillers dried grains with solubles for growing pigs using in vitro digestible nutrients","volume":"96","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0027","volume-title":"Animal feeding stuffs, animal products, and faeces or urine \u2013Determination of gross calorific value \u2013 Bomb calorimeter method. ISO 9831:1998(E)","author":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO).","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10577","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00499a001","article-title":"Trends in biochemistry and enzymology of cellulose degradation","volume":"29","author":"Klyosov","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1060-1","article-title":"Effects of an enzyme complex on in vitro dry matter digestibility of feed ingredients for pigs","volume":"4","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa218","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa218","article-title":"The apparent ileal digestibility and the apparent total tract digestibility of carbohydrates and energy in hybrid rye are different from some other cereal grains when fed to growing pigs","volume":"98","author":"McGhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0031","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Evaluation of fibrous feed\u2019s digestibility in vivo\/ in vitro and its effect on intestinal digestive function for growing pigs","author":"Meng","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002883","article-title":"Kiwifruit fibre level influences the predicted production and absorption of SCFA in the hindgut of growing pigs using a combined in vivo-in vitro digestion methodology","volume":"115","author":"Montoya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1071\/AR98172","article-title":"In vitro techniques for the assessment of the nutritive value of feed grains for pigs: a review","volume":"50","author":"Moughan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Austra. J. Agric. Rese"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky149","article-title":"Effects of physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients on the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, DM, and nutrients by growing pigs","volume":"96","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.008","article-title":"Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the growing pig from an in vitro method","volume":"134","author":"Noblet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0036","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Swine","author":"NRC.","year":"2012","edition":"11"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.005","article-title":"A computer-controlled simulated digestion system is a promising in vitro digestibility technique to predict digestible energy of corn grain for growing pigs","volume":"235","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.007","article-title":"Digestible energy of sorghum grain for pigs could be predicted using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system","volume":"240","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2194-5","article-title":"An enzyme complex increases in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn and wheat in pigs","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02567-3","article-title":"Interplay between grain digestion and fibre in relation to gastro-small-intestinal passage rate and feed intake in pigs","volume":"60","author":"Ratanpaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217459","article-title":"Dietary multi-enzyme complex improves In vitro nutrient digestibility and hind gut microbial fermentation of pigs","volume":"14","author":"Recharla","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1058","article-title":"Prediction of in vivo apparent total tract energy digestibility of barley in grower pigs \u00adusing an in vitro digestibility technique","volume":"86","author":"Regmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.003","article-title":"Prediction of the digestibility and energy contents of non-conventional by-\u00adproducts for pigs from their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility","volume":"234","author":"Sol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.06.027","article-title":"Role of dietary fibre source and meal size on the ileal transit of digesta in growing pigs","volume":"133","author":"Sol\u00e0-Oriol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7651433x","article-title":"Technical note: A technique for inserting a T-cannula into the distal ileum of pregnant sows","volume":"76","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac409","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac409","article-title":"Impact of ileal indigestible protein on fecal nitrogen excretion and fecal microbiota may be greater compared with total protein concentration of diets in growing pigs","volume":"101","author":"Sung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.07.003","article-title":"Effect of phytase, carbohydrase, and protease addition to a wheat distillers dried grains with solubles and rapeseed based diet on in vitro ileal digestibility, growth, and bone mineral density of grower-finisher pigs","volume":"216","author":"Torres-Pitarch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66364-4","article-title":"Rapeseed-based diet modulates the imputed functions of gut microbiome in growing-finishing pigs","volume":"10","author":"Umu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scienti. Repo"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysac-charides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115002566","article-title":"In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine","volume":"10","author":"Woyengo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0051","first-page":"1009","volume-title":"Chymotrypsin: Measurements with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester as substrate","author":"Wrint","year":"1974","edition":"3"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0052","first-page":"1021","volume-title":"Trypsin, measurement with n\u03b1-p-toluenesulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester as substrate","author":"Wrint","year":"1974","edition":"3"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6636","article-title":"Developing a computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the concentration of metabolizable energy of feedstuffs for rooster","volume":"92","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2020.1766333","article-title":"Effects of fibre-degrading enzymes in combination with different fibre sources on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation products in pigs","volume":"74","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023062502131299600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.115001","article-title":"Combination of fiber-degrading enzymatic hydrolysis and lactobacilli fermentation enhances utilization of fiber and protein in rapeseed meal as revealed in simulated pig digestion and fermentation in vitro","volume":"278","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad170\/50449865\/skad170.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad170\/50695844\/skad170.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad170\/50695844\/skad170.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T02:13:50Z","timestamp":1687659230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad170\/7179401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad170"}}