{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:34:11Z","timestamp":1785551651336,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) released during the livestock industry endangers the respiratory health of animals. Our previous findings suggested that broilers exposed to PM2.5 exhibited lung inflammation and changes in the pulmonary microbiome. Therefore, this study was to investigate whether the pulmonary microbiota plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of PM2.5-induced lung inflammation. We first used antibiotics to establish a pulmonary microbiota intervention broiler model, which showed a significantly reduced total bacterial load in the lungs without affecting the microbiota composition or structure. Based on it, 45 AA broilers of similar body weight were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), PM2.5 (PM), and pulmonary microbiota intervention (ABX-PM). From 21 d of age, broilers in the ABX-PM group were intratracheally instilled with antibiotics once a day for 3 d. Meanwhile, broilers in the other two groups were simultaneously instilled with sterile saline. On 24 and 26 d of age, broilers in the PM and ABX-PM groups were intratracheally instilled with PM2.5 suspension to induce lung inflammation, and broilers in the CON group were simultaneously instilled with sterile saline. The lung histomorphology, inflammatory cytokines\u2019 expression levels, lung microbiome, and microbial growth conditions were analyzed to determine the effect of the pulmonary microbiota on PM2.5-induced lung inflammation. Broilers in the PM group showed lung histological injury, while broilers in the ABX-PM group had normal lung histomorphology. Furthermore, microbiota intervention significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa-B. PM2.5 induced significant changes in the \u03b2 diversity and structure of the pulmonary microbiota in the PM group. However, no significant changes in microbiota structure were observed in the ABX-PM group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Enterococcus cecorum in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the CON and ABX-PM groups. And sterile bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the PM group significantly promoted the growth of E. cecorum, indicating that PM2.5 altered the microbiota\u2019s growth condition. In conclusion, pulmonary microbiota can affect PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in broilers. PM2.5 can alter the bacterial growth environment and promote dysbiosis, potentially exacerbating inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T21:15:36Z","timestamp":1690838136000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pulmonary microbiota intervention alleviates fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammation in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Zilin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junze","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin-Tin","family":"Win-Shwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1038-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073121151908700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000568","article-title":"Changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and its association with antibiotics in the short term","volume":"66","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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