{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:26Z","timestamp":1787009066926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shifts from commensal bacteria (for example, Lactobacillus in the phylum Firmicutes) within the reproductive tract have been associated with changes in local reproductive immune responses and decreased fertility in humans. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbiome and cytokine concentrations before artificial insemination (AI) in vaginal and uterine flushes from postpartum beef cows. Twenty Bos indicus-influenced beef cows (approximately 60 d postpartum and free of reproductive, health, or physical issues) were enrolled. The B. indicus prostaglandin (PG) 5-d + controlled intervaginal drug-releasing estrus synchronization protocol was initiated on day \u22128 of the study with timed AI on d0. Blood samples were collected on days \u22123, \u22121, and 28 via coccygeal venipuncture. Vaginal and uterine flushes were collected on days \u22123 and \u22121. Based on days 28 pregnancy status determined by transrectal ultrasonography, cows were identified as either Open (n = 13) or Pregnant (n = 7). Bacterial community analyses were conducted targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cytokine analyses were performed using the RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array Q1 and MyBioSource ELISA kits per the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Statistical analyses for bacteria relative abundance were conducted using PROC NPAR1WAY and for cytokine concentrations using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4. Uterine concentrations of interferon \u03b3, interleukin (IL)1\u03b1, and IL21 were greater in Open than in Pregnant cows (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Regardless of pregnancy status, uterine IL13 increased from days \u22123 to \u22121 (9.76 vs. 39.48 \u00b1 9.28 pg\/mL, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Uterine relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes decreased from days \u22123 to \u22121 in Open cows (60.4% \u00b1 0.9% vs. 48.5% \u00b1 3.2%; P = 0.004). In Open cows, the genus Blautia decreased in relative abundance within the uterus from days \u22123 to \u22121 (2.1% \u00b1 0.2% vs. 0.9% \u00b1 0.1%; P = 0.002). Uterine relative abundance of the phylum Tenericutes increased from days \u22123 to \u22121 in Pregnant cows (1.0% \u00b1 0.1% vs. 7.6% \u00b1 4.1%; P = 0.002). In Pregnant cows, the genus Ureaplasma tended to increase within the uterus from days \u22123 to \u22121 (0.08% \u00b1 0.06% vs. 7.3% \u00b1 4.1%; P = 0.054). These findings suggest a distinct difference in the reproductive microbiome and cytokine profiles before AI for resulting Open vs. Pregnant cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T22:05:09Z","timestamp":1687471509000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reproductive microbiome and cytokine profiles associated with fertility outcomes of postpartum beef cows"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Molly S","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle J","family":"Hickman-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke E","family":"McAnally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramiro V","family":"Oliveira Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Dalmaso","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ky G","family":"Pohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-2471 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072217242122000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz212","article-title":"Bacterial taxonomic composition of the postpartum cow uterus and vagina prior to artificial insemination","volume":"97","author":"Ault","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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