{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:14:41Z","timestamp":1792808081424,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Holstein steers (n = 40; initial body weight [BW] = 96.0 \u00b1 10.5 kg) were individually housed in a climate-controlled barn to evaluate potential models for the genesis of liver abscesses (LA). In this 2 \u00d7 2 factorial, steers were balanced by BW and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intravenous saline injection followed by intraruminal bacterial inoculation with Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (1 \u00d7 109 colony forming unit [CFU]\/mL) and Salmonella enterica serovar Lubbock (1 \u00d7 106 CFU\/mL; CON; n = 20 steers); or 2) intravenous injection with 0.25 \u00b5g\/kg BW of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O111:B4) followed by intraruminal bacterial inoculation of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (1 \u00d7 109 CFU\/mL) and S. enterica serovar Lubbock (1 \u00d7 106 CFU\/mL; LBI; n = 20 steers) and 1 of 2 harvest dates (3 or 10 d post LPS infusion). Body weights were recorded on days \u22124, \u22121, 3, and 10, and blood was collected for hematology on days \u22124, 3, and 10, relative to LPS infusion on day 0. Intraruminal bacterial inoculation occurred on day 1. Steers from each treatment group were harvested at two different time points on day 3 or 10 to perform gross pathological examination of the lung, rumen, liver, LA (if present), and colon. Feed disappearance was less for LBI than CON (P &amp;lt; 0.01); however, BW did not differ (P = 0.33) between treatments. Neither treatment nor time differed for hematology (P \u2265 0.13), and no gross pathological differences were noted in the lung, liver, LA, or colon (P \u2265 0.25). A treatment \u00d7 harvest date interaction was noted for ruminal pathology in which LBI had an increased percentage of abnormal rumen scores on day 3 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). These results suggest that an LPS challenge in combination with intraruminal bacterial inoculation of pathogens commonly isolated from LA was not sufficient to induce LA in steers within 3 or 10 d (P = 0.95) when compared to CON. Further evaluation is needed to produce a viable model to investigate the genesis and prevention of LA in cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T23:01:58Z","timestamp":1689980518000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Short communication: evaluation of an endotoxin challenge and intraruminal bacterial inoculation model to induce liver abscesses in Holstein steers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Zach S","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin E","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T G","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ty E","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University , Canyon, TX 79016 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghavendra G","family":"Amachawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff A","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit , Lubbock, TX 79401 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole C","family":"Burdick Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit , Lubbock, TX 79401 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L","family":"Galyean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8930-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M","family":"Smock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Ballou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius S","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Broadway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit , Lubbock, TX 79401 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080514513814300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2707","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling in the intestinal epithelium: how bacterial recognition shapes intestinal function","volume":"10","author":"Abreu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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