{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:13:50Z","timestamp":1777493630142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SD00H682-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SD00H682-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A total of 1,170 pigs (PIC 800\u2005\u00d7\u2005PIC, initially 38.6 kg) were used in a 98-d grow-finish study to determine the performance response of pigs fed increasing levels standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Five dietary treatments were fed and consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or diets containing 40% DDGS with SID Trp:Lys ratios of 15%, 18%, 21%, or 24%. Each treatment was replicated 9 times and pens contained 26 pigs with the equal number of gilts and barrows. Data was analyzed as a randomized complete block design with previous nursery treatment as a random blocking factor. Pair-wise comparisons were used to evaluate the impact of diets on performance and carcass traits; specifically to compare the corn-SBM dietary treatment against other dietary treatments. Single degree of freedom orthogonal polynomials were used to evaluate the dose\u2013response of increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing 40% DDGS increased (linear, P \u2264 0.02) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), final body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), carcass gain, and daily carcass gain. Increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not impact (P \u2265 0.65) gain to feed (G:F) for the cumulative period. Pigs fed the corn-SBM diet had greater (P \u2264 0.01) ADG and a heavier (P \u2264 0.01) final BW compared to pigs fed 40% DDGS diets, regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. Diets that contained 40% DDGS with a SID Trp:Lys ratio of 24% had no difference (P|t|\u2005=\u20050.25) in ADFI compared to the corn-SBM dietary treatment. The cumulative G:F of pigs did not differ (P\u2005=\u20050.32) between pigs fed corn-SBM diets and diets containing 40% DDGS regardless of the SID Trp:Lys ratio. However, pigs receiving the corn-SBM diets had heavier HCW, greater carcass yields, total carcass gain, and daily carcass gain (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) compared to pigs fed the 40% DDGS diets regardless of SID Trp:Lys ratio. In conclusion, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets improved ADG and ADFI for the overall grow-finish period. However, when compared to a corn-SBM diet, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio in 40% DDGS diets did not correct the growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T15:19:39Z","timestamp":1691162379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance response of increasing the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio in diets containing 40% dried distiller grains with solubles"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"David A","family":"Clizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christensen Farms , Sleepy Eye, MN 56085"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair J","family":"Tostenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christensen Farms , Sleepy Eye, MN 56085"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cargill , Wayzata, MN 55391"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christensen Farms , Sleepy Eye, MN 56085"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-8762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan S","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7061888x","article-title":"Hyposthalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and meat quality in stressed pigs offered excess \u00addietary tryptophan and tyrosine","volume":"70","author":"Adeola","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4380","article-title":"Organ weight, intestinal morphology, and fasting whole-body oxygen consumption in growing pigs fed diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles alone or in combination with a multi enzyme supplement","volume":"90","author":"Agyekum","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6679","article-title":"Effects of lowering dietary fiber before marketing on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, carcass fat quality, and intestinal weights","volume":"92","author":"Asmus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0002","first-page":"523","article-title":"Alternating dietary inclusion of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) did not impact growth performance of finishing pigs","volume":"86","author":"Augspurger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00047a019","article-title":"Isoflavones and their conjugates in soy foods: extraction conditions and analysis by HPLC-mass spectrometry","volume":"42","author":"Barnes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz118","article-title":"Meta-regression analysis to predict the influence of branched-chain and large neutral amino acids on growth performance of pigs","volume":"97","author":"Cemin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx048","article-title":"Effects of withdrawing high-\u00adfiber ingredients before marketing on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal weights","volume":"96","author":"Coble","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31274\/rtd-180813-10834","volume-title":"The effect of dietary soybean isoflavones on the rate and efficiency of growth and carcass muscle content in pigs and rats","author":"Cook","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124147","article-title":"Hypothalamic mtor signaling regulates food intake","volume":"312","author":"Cota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7895","article-title":"Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing 30% distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality in growing\u2013finishing pigs","volume":"93","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.06.015","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic role of","volume":"35","author":"del Amo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0008","first-page":"28","article-title":"Use of 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and high amounts of synthetic amino acids to replace soybean meal in grower-finisher swine diets","volume":"86","author":"Drescher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4126","article-title":"Effects of increasing crude glycerol and dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs","volume":"90","author":"Duttlinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0010","first-page":"113","article-title":"Biological and physiological effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the pig","volume-title":"Mycotoxins in farm animals","author":"Etienne","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.5.1072","article-title":"Dietary effects on brain serotonin synthesis: relationship to appetite regulation","volume":"42","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.6.1539S","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids and brain function","volume":"135","author":"Fernstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4059.414","article-title":"Brain serotonin content: physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids","volume":"178","author":"Fernstrom","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6883","article-title":"The effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated corn dried distillers grains with solubles in nursery pig diets and potential for mitigation by commercially available feed additives","volume":"93","author":"Frobose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0016","first-page":"80","article-title":"Effect of corn distiller\u2019s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth, carcass characteristics, and fecal volume in growing finishing pigs","volume":"82","author":"Fu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117002968","article-title":"Dose\u2013response evaluation of the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan: lysine ratio to maximize growth performance of growing-finishing gilts under commercial conditions","volume":"12","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.04.070184.002205","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Harper","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7061873x","article-title":"Interactive effects of dietary levels of tryptophan and protein on voluntary feed intake and growth performance in pigs, in relation to plasma free amino acids and hypothalamic serotonin","volume":"70","author":"Henry","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0020","first-page":"149","article-title":"Determination of SID Trp: Lys requirement in grow-finish pig fed diets containing 30% DDGS","volume":"88","author":"Hinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0021","volume-title":"Requirements and optimum dietary branched-chain amino acids to lysine ratios for pigs AMINONews","author":"Htoo","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6934","article-title":"Determining the optimal isoleucine: lysine ratio for ten-to twenty-two-kilogram and twenty-four-to thirty-nine-kilogram pigs fed diets containing nonexcess levels of leucine","volume":"92","author":"Htoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab006","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab006","article-title":"Improving performance of finishing pigs with added valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan: validating a meta-analysis model","volume":"99","author":"Kerkaert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/00039420412331273295","article-title":"Growth performance, carcass characteristics and bioavailability of isoflavones in pigs fed soy bean based diets","volume":"58","author":"Kuhn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.17.1.353","article-title":"Dietary phytoestrogens","volume":"17","author":"Kurzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa346","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa346","article-title":"Effects on nitrogen balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by growing pigs of supplementing isoleucine and valine to diets with adequate or excess concentrations of dietary leucine","volume":"98","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4282","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz259","article-title":"Excess dietary leucine in diets for growing pigs reduces growth performance, biological value of protein, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis","volume":"97","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1021\/jf103512z","article-title":"Chemical composition of distillers grains, a review","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0030","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb07714.x","article-title":"Kinetics of competitive inhibition of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"28","author":"Pardridge","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurochem"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7951230x","article-title":"Effects of dietary soy isoflavones on growth, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs","volume":"79","author":"Payne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0034","volume-title":"Nutrient specifications manual","author":"PIC","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.11.015","article-title":"Aggression in replacement grower and finisher gilts fed a short-term high-tryptophan diet and the effect of long-term human\u2013animal interaction","volume":"122","author":"Poletto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.03.012","article-title":"The effect of amino acid restriction during the grower phase on compensatory growth, carcass composition and nitrogen utilisation in grower\u2013finisher pigs","volume":"104","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5502","article-title":"Effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine in diets containing 30% dried distillers grains with solubles on finishing pig performance and carcass traits1,2","volume":"91","author":"Salyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0038","volume-title":"Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets fed to swine. HHS-Swine Focus-001.2007 publication","author":"Stein","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2005.09.008","article-title":"Optimum tryptophan: lysine ratio in diets for growing pigs: analysis of literature data","volume":"101","author":"Susenbeth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0040","first-page":"207","article-title":"Utilization of weather-stressed feedstuffs in swine diets","volume-title":"National swine nutrition guide","author":"Thaler","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-099","article-title":"Growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs fed high-quality corn distillers dried grain with solubles originating from a modern Midwestern ethanol plant","volume":"84","author":"Whitney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0594","article-title":"Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles, high-protein distillers dried grains, and corn germ to growing-finishing pigs on pig performance, carcass quality, and the palatability of pork","volume":"86","author":"Widmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992212","article-title":"The effects of branched-chain amino acid interactions on growth performance, blood metabolites, enzyme kinetics and transcriptomics in weaned pigs","volume":"103","author":"Wiltafsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.17221\/7191-CJAS","article-title":"Estimation of the optimal ratio of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine for finishing barrows fed low protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids","volume":"59","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Czech J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2023082115472156100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.07.024","article-title":"Estimation of the ideal standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ration for growing pigs fed low crude protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad264\/51039438\/skad264.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad264\/51197409\/skad264.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad264\/51197409\/skad264.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T15:48:22Z","timestamp":1692632902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad264\/7237325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad264"}}