{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:28:23Z","timestamp":1763468903316,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Poultry meal, a rendered byproduct of poultry slaughter, is a valuable protein source in swine and poultry diets because of its highly digestible protein content and balanced amino acid (AA) profile. Rendering of poultry meal may reduce its AA digestibility because of heat damage to the byproduct. The effect of heat damage on AA digestibility of poultry meal may be different between broiler chickens and growing pigs. For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of autoclaving time on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in poultry meal fed to broiler chickens and growing pigs. Poultry meal from the same batch was autoclaved at 134\u00a0\u00b0C for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, or 180\u00a0min to produce seven heat-treated samples. Eight experimental diets were formulated. Poultry meal served as the sole source of nitrogen in seven diets that each contained one of the heat-treated byproducts and a nitrogen-free diet was formulated to assess basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. In experiment 1, 656 male broiler chickens (initial body weight\u2005=\u2005719\u2005\u00b1\u200597\u00a0g) at day 18 post hatching were assigned to the eight diets in a randomized complete block design with body weight as a blocking factor. On day 23, birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and dissected for the collection of ileal digesta. In experiment 2, 16 barrows (initial body weight\u2005=\u200523.3\u2005\u00b1\u20050.7\u00a0kg) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to a duplicate 8\u2005\u00d7\u20054 incomplete Latin square design with the eight diets and four periods. Each experimental period consisted of 5-day adaptation and 2-day ileal digesta collection periods. Data for experiments 1 and 2 were pooled and analyzed as a 2\u2005\u00d7\u20057 factorial treatment arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., pigs and broiler chickens) and autoclaving time (i.e., 0 to 180\u00a0min) as the two factors. Increasing autoclaving time decreased SID of nitrogen and all AA in both species, but the decrease in SID values except for leucine was greater (interaction, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) or tended to be greater in pigs compared with broiler chickens. Given the species differences in AA utilization response to the severity of heat damage, target species should be considered when using SID of AA values of poultry meal in diet formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T10:19:33Z","timestamp":1705400373000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoclaving time-related reduction in amino acid digestibility of poultry meal in broiler chickens and growing pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9214-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Yeol","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan Sol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Ragland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Caroline Gonz\u00e1lez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Operations GmbH , Hanau 63457 , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus K","family":"Wiltafsky-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Operations GmbH , Hanau 63457 , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-7679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olayiwola","family":"Adeola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102016","article-title":"Metabolizable energy and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of full-fat soybeans for broilers are influenced by wet-heating, expansion temperature, and autoclaving time","volume":"101","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-44","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility of heat damaged distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs","volume":"4","author":"Almeida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.009","article-title":"Effects of heat treatment on the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in canola meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"187","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10060933","article-title":"Additivity of ileal amino acid digestibility in diets containing corn, soybean meal, and corn distillers dried grains with solubles for male broilers","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"year":"2016","author":"Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)","key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0038"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201000114","article-title":"Free and peptide-bound d-amino acids in chemistry and life sciences","volume":"7","author":"Br\u00fcckner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.14.0609","article-title":"Effects of heat-oxidized soy protein isolate on growth performance and digestive function of broiler chickens at early age","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.823715x","article-title":"Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in soybean meal with added soyhulls","volume":"82","author":"Dilger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey462","article-title":"The amino acid composition and protein quality of various egg, poultry meal by-products, and vegetable proteins used in the production of dog and cat diets","volume":"98","author":"Donadelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740130309","article-title":"Effect of heat treatment on the nutritive value of proteins: chemical and balance studies","volume":"13","author":"Donoso","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Commission regulation (EU) No 142\/2011 of 25 February 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069\/2009 of the European parliament and of the council laying down health rules as regards animal byproducts and derived products not intended for human consumption and implementing Council directive 97\/78\/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks at the border under that directive","volume":"54","author":"EC-Regulation","year":"2011","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab029","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab029","article-title":"Feeding oxidized chicken byproduct meal impacts digestibility more than performance and oxidative status in nursery pigs","volume":"99","author":"Frame","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(02)00257-1","article-title":"Protein\u2013protein crosslinking in food: methods, consequences, applications","volume":"13","author":"Gerrard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3465","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility in heated soybean meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"89","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vega","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802391-4.00003-3","article-title":"Meat industry protein by-products: sources and characteristics","volume-title":"Protein byproducts: transformation from environmental burden into value-added products","author":"Hicks","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0015","first-page":"159","article-title":"The estimation of available lysine in foodstuffs after Maillard reactions","volume":"5","author":"Hurrell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Prog. Food Nutr. Sci"},{"volume-title":"Survey says: a snapshot of rendering","year":"2011","author":"Jekanowski","key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0016"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0017","first-page":"779","article-title":"Influence of wet heating and autoclaving on chemical composition and standardized ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility in full-fat soybeans for pigs","volume":"95","author":"Kaewtapee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.8292750x","article-title":"The effects of poultry meal source and ash level on nursery pig performance","volume":"82","author":"Keegan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4282","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz259","article-title":"Excess dietary leucine in diets for growing pigs reduces growth performance, biological value of protein, protein retention, and serotonin synthesis","volume":"97","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00116a062","article-title":"Amino acid racemization in heated and alkali-treated proteins","volume":"31","author":"Liardon","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60211a050","article-title":"Amino acid analyzer studies of the products of peroxide oxidation of cystine, lanthionine, and homocystine","volume":"25","author":"Lipton","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10264-9","article-title":"D-amino acids in foods","volume":"104","author":"Marcone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa219","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa219","article-title":"Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs","volume":"98","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114621","article-title":"Concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs may be reduced by autoclaving soybean meal","volume":"269","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky470","article-title":"Digestibility of amino acid in full-fat canola seeds, canola meal, and canola expellers fed to broiler chickens and pigs","volume":"97","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa223","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa223","article-title":"Comparative amino acid digestibility between broiler chickens and pigs fed different poultry by-products and meat and bone meal","volume":"98","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.12.1775","article-title":"Effect of pressure processing on amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal for poultry","volume":"79","author":"Shirley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00126a038","article-title":"Amino acid analysis of feedstuffs: determination of methionine and cystine after oxidation with performic acid and hydrolysis","volume":"32","author":"Spindler","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7751180x","article-title":"The effect of feeding level and physiological status on total flow and amino acid composition of endogenous protein at the distal ileum in swine","volume":"77","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-742","article-title":"Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application","volume":"85","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010174","article-title":"Effects of a hatchery byproduct mixture on growth performance and digestible energy of various hatchery byproduct mixtures in nursery pigs","volume":"10","author":"Sung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114703","article-title":"Amino acid and calcium digestibility in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs","volume":"270","author":"Sung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0124","article-title":"Additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs","volume":"35","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac117","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac117","article-title":"Autoclaving time-related reduction in metabolizable energy of poultry meal is greater in growing pigs compared with broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac409","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac409","article-title":"Impact of ileal indigestible protein on fecal nitrogen excretion and fecal microbiota may be greater compared with total protein concentration of diets in growing pigs","volume":"101","author":"Sung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0190062","article-title":"Nutritional characteristics and functions of D-amino acids in the chicken","volume":"57","author":"Tomonaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Poult. Sci"},{"volume-title":"Poultry meal vs poultry byproduct meal","year":"2006","author":"Watson","key":"2024022119323805100_CIT0037"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad415\/56109789\/skad415.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad415\/56731457\/skad415.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad415\/56731457\/skad415.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T19:33:26Z","timestamp":1708544006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skad415\/7558222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skad415","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"skad415"}}