{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:52:28Z","timestamp":1788519148106,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":150,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Study objectives were to characterize the effects of citrulline (CIT) on physiological and intestinal morphology metrics during heat stress (HS) and feed restriction. Forty crossbred gilts (30\u2005\u00b1\u20052\u00a0kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to one of five treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (AL) with control (CON) supplement (TNAL; n\u2005=\u20058), (2) TN pair-fed (PF) with CON (PF-CON; n\u2005=\u20058), (3) TN PF with CIT (PF-CIT; n\u2005=\u20058), (4) HS AL with CON (HS-CON; n\u2005=\u20058), and (5) HS AL with CIT (HS-CIT; n\u2005=\u20058). During the period (P) 1 (7 d), pigs were in TN conditions (23.6 \u00b0C) and fed AL their respective supplemental treatments. During P2 (2.5 d), HS-CON and HS-CIT pigs were fed AL and exposed to cyclical HS (33.6 to 38.3 \u00b0C), while TNAL, PF-CON, and PF-CIT remained in TN and were fed either AL or PF to their HS counterparts. Citrulline (0.13\u00a0g\/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), and respiration rate (RR) relative to TN pigs (0.8 \u00b0C, 4.7 \u00b0C, and 47 breaths\/min, respectively; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). However, HS-CIT had decreased RR (7 breaths\/min, P\u2005=\u20050.04) and a tendency for decreased Tr (0.1 \u00b0C, P\u2005=\u20050.07) relative to HS-CON pigs. During P2, HS pigs had decreased feed intake (22%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) and a tendency for decreased average daily gain (P\u2005=\u20050.08) relative to TNAL pigs, and by experimental design, PF pigs followed this same pattern. Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein tended to be decreased (29%; P\u2005=\u20050.08) in PF relative to TNAL pigs and was increased (41%; P\u2005=\u20050.03) in HS compared to PF pigs. Jejunum villus height was decreased in PF relative to TNAL pigs (15%; P\u2005=\u20050.03); however, CIT supplementation improved this metric during feed restriction (16%; P\u2005=\u20050.10). Jejunum mucosal surface area decreased in PF (16%; P\u2005=\u20050.02) and tended to decrease in HS (11%; P\u2005=\u20050.10) compared to TNAL pigs. Ileum villus height and mucosal surface area decreased in HS compared to TNAL pigs (10 and 14%, respectively; P\u2005\u2264\u20050.04), but both parameters were rescued by CIT supplementation (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.08). Intestinal myeloperoxidase and goblet cell area remained similar among treatments and intestinal segments (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.24). In summary, CIT supplementation slightly improved RR and Tr during HS. Feed restriction and HS differentially affected jejunum and ileum morphology and while CIT ameliorated some of these effects, the benefit appeared dependent on intestinal section and stressor type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T16:49:20Z","timestamp":1717087760000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of supplemental citrulline on thermal and intestinal morphology parameters during heat stress and feed restriction in growing pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Sara K","family":"Kvidera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith J","family":"Mayorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie S","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin A","family":"Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan A","family":"Abeyta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance H","family":"Baumgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University Department of Animal Science, , Ames, Iowa 50011 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0001","first-page":"4599","article-title":"The effect of recovery from heat stress on circulating bioenergetics and inflammatory biomarkers","volume":"96","author":"Abuajamieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.240382","article-title":"Supplemental citrulline is more efficient than arginine in increasing systemic arginine availability in mice","volume":"147","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020135","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal mast cells: key modulators of barrier function and homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Albert-Bayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L506","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00017.2009","article-title":"L-Citrulline ameliorates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets","volume":"297","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114567508","article-title":"Pretreatment with L-citrulline positively affects the mucosal architecture and permeability of the small intestine in a murine mucositis model","volume":"40","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.08.024","article-title":"Citrulline: a potential immunomodulator in sepsis","volume":"150","author":"Asgeirsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.07.002","article-title":"Citrulline: from metabolism to therapeutic use","volume":"29","author":"Bahri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-031412-103644","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on postabsorptive metabolism and energetics","volume":"1","author":"Baumgard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.7.1340","article-title":"Food deprivation and refeeding influence growth, nutrient retention and functional recovery of rats","volume":"129","author":"Boza","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21080","article-title":"Invited review: Lethal heat stress: the putative pathophysiology of a deadly disorder in dairy cattle","volume":"105","author":"Burhans","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.137","article-title":"Arginine and citrulline protect intestinal cell monolayer tight junctions from hypoxia-induced injury in piglets","volume":"72","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022849112100","article-title":"Effects of incremental starvation on gut mucosa","volume":"48","author":"Chappell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.04.066","article-title":"Hsp70 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation by interacting with TRAF6 and inhibiting its ubiquitination","volume":"580","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13826","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13826","article-title":"L-Citrulline: a novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat-exposed chickens","volume":"94","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.12.020","article-title":"Oxidative damage and brain concentrations of free amino acid in chicks exposed to high ambient temperature","volume":"169","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.07.007","article-title":"L-Citrulline acts as potential hypothermic agent to afford thermotolerance in chicks","volume":"69","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610541","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.610541","article-title":"Potential role of amino acids in the adaptation of chicks and market-age broilers to heat stress","volume":"7","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13578","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13578","article-title":"Oral administration of L-citrulline changes the concentrations of plasma hormones and biochemical profile in heat-exposed broilers","volume":"92","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001356","article-title":"Effect of high temperature on feeding behavior and heat production in group-housed young pigs","volume":"86","author":"Collin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brit. Jour. Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.1_Suppl.S42","article-title":"Can arginine and ornithine support gut functions","volume":"35","author":"Cynober","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.20.1.195","article-title":"Intestinal transport during fasting and malnutrition","volume":"20","author":"Ferraris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0351OC","article-title":"Rescue treatment with L-citrulline inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn pigs","volume":"53","author":"Fike","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1139\/y11-027","article-title":"Protective effect of L-citrulline against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats","volume":"89","author":"Gou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180330069018","article-title":"Fatal heat stroke. Circulating endotoxin and gram-negative sepsis as complications","volume":"216","author":"Graber","year":"1971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1693S","article-title":"Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids","volume":"137","author":"Grimble","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0026","first-page":"G1195","article-title":"Splanchnic tissues undergo hypoxic stress during whole body hyperthermia","volume":"276","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H509","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H509","article-title":"Mechanisms of circulatory and intestinal barrier dysfunction during whole body hyperthermia","volume":"280","author":"Hall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11911","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18860","article-title":"Evaluating effects of zinc hydroxychloride on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal integrity during feed restriction","volume":"103","author":"Horst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0264-y","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not \u03b2-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs","volume":"9","author":"Huntley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotech"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086867561_012","article-title":"Fueling the immune response: what\u2019s the cost","volume-title":"Feed efficiency in swine","author":"Johnson","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.824","article-title":"Nitric oxide and cutaneous active vasodilation during heat stress in humans","volume":"85","author":"Kellogg Jr","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s102380200018","article-title":"A simple new method to calculate small intestine absorptive surface in the rat","volume":"2","author":"Kisielinski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.6.2582","article-title":"Peripheral vascular responses to hyperthermia in the rat","volume":"64","author":"Kregel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9402","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13229","article-title":"Characterizing effects of feed restriction and glucagon-like peptide 2 administration on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal morphology","volume":"100","author":"Kvidera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5020","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1830","article-title":"Estimating glucose requirements of an activated immune system in growing pigs","volume":"95","author":"Kvidera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00787.2001","article-title":"Selected contribution: hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress","volume":"92","author":"Lambert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)62024-4","article-title":"Heat stroke and cytokines","volume":"162","author":"Leon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13028","article-title":"Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on lactation on heat stress physiology, lactation performance and subsequent reproductive performance of sows in summer","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0039","first-page":"R1691","article-title":"Nitric oxide increases cutaneous and respiratory heat dissipation in conscious rabbits","volume":"272","author":"Mathai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.05.023","article-title":"Biology of heat stress; the nexus between intestinal hyperpermeability and swine reproduction","volume":"154","author":"Mayorga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.07.807","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase activity of the large intestine in an equine model of acute colitis","volume":"60","author":"McConnico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-0073","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on the serum concentrations of free amino acids and some of their metabolites in growing pigs","volume":"94","author":"Morales","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G418","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00166.2013","article-title":"Regional susceptibility to stress-induced intestinal injury in the mouse","volume":"305","author":"Novosad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0044","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11th rev. ed"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.042317","article-title":"Citrulline increases arginine pools and restores nitrogen balance after massive intestinal resection","volume":"53","author":"Osowska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070451","article-title":"Impairment of arginine metabolism in rats after massive intestinal resection: effect of parenteral nutrition supplemented with citrulline compared with arginine","volume":"115","author":"Osowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039935","article-title":"CRF induces intestinal epithelial barrier injury via the release of mast cell proteases and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"7","author":"Overman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6759","article-title":"Heat stress and reduced plane of nutrition decreases intestinal integrity and function in pigs","volume":"91","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070215","article-title":"Heat stress reduces intestinal barrier integrity and favors intestinal glucose transport in growing pigs","volume":"8","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9018","article-title":"Dietary organic zinc attenuates heat stress-induced changes in pig intestinal integrity and metabolism","volume":"93","author":"Pearce","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.07.012","article-title":"The crucial role of L-arginine in macrophage activation: What you need to know abou tit","volume":"137","author":"Pekarova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13118","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13118","article-title":"Early weaning stress induces chronic functional diarrhea, intestinal barrier defects, and increased mast cell activity in a porcine model of early life adversity","volume":"29","author":"Pohl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9309","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14115","article-title":"Exposure to an unpredictable and competitive social environment affects behavior and health of transition dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.416","article-title":"Intestinal paracellular permeability during malnutrition in guinea pigs: effect of high dietary zinc","volume":"39","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15267","article-title":"Physiological consequences of heat stress in pigs","volume":"55","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12315","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12315","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in growing pigs","volume":"3","author":"Sanz Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12478","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12478","article-title":"Heat stress increases insulin sensitivity in pigs","volume":"3","author":"Sanz Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0058","first-page":"G418","article-title":"Mucin depletion in the intestine of malnourished rats","volume":"248","author":"Sherman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-406X(68)90787-1","article-title":"The metabolism of the small intestine. Oxygen uptake and L-lactate production along the length of the small intestine of the rat and guinea pig","volume":"24","author":"Sherratt","year":"1968","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E52","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5","article-title":"Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries","volume":"86","author":"St. Pierre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00507-5","article-title":"Dietary L-citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season. J","volume":"11","author":"Uyanga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671691","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.671691","article-title":"L-citrulline influences the body temperature, heat shock response and nitric oxide regeneration of broilers under thermoneutral and heat stress condition","volume":"12","author":"Uyanga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000332","article-title":"L-citrulline improves splanchnic perfusion and reduces gut injury during exercise","volume":"46","author":"van Wijck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138975","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138975","article-title":"Differences in susceptibility to heat stress along the chicken intestine and the protective effects of galacto-oligosaccharides","volume":"10","author":"Varasteh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.05.007","article-title":"L-Arginine supplementation prevents intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown under heat stress conditions by promoting nitric oxide synthesis","volume":"57","author":"Varasteh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G171","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2015","article-title":"Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers","volume":"312","author":"Wells","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.396","article-title":"Gut barrier function in malnourished patients","volume":"42","author":"Welsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037439","article-title":"Citrulline a more suitable substrate than arginine to restore NO production and the microcirculation during endotoxemia","volume":"7","author":"Wijnands","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031426","article-title":"Arginine and citrulline and the immune response in sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Wijnands","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-05090-1","article-title":"L-Arginine alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the AMPK pathway","volume":"46","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13277","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine on the intestinal barrier function in finishing pigs with heat stress","volume":"104","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0072","first-page":"E1098","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of interorgan relationships among arginine and citrulline metabolism","volume":"271","author":"Yu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23873","article-title":"Heat stress-associated changes in the intestinal barrier, inflammatory signals, and microbiome communities in dairy calves","volume":"107","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024060109564765500_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.10.006","article-title":"The role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in modulating the innate immune response","volume":"8","author":"Zweigner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae120\/58003564\/skae120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae120\/58038037\/skae120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae120\/58038037\/skae120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T09:57:26Z","timestamp":1717235846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae120\/7685075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skae120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"skae120"}}